A. A. Mitsel

Laser sounding of atmospheric humidity: experiment

This paper presents the results of investigations of atmospheric humidity profiles by a lidar on the basis of a tunable ruby laser. The lidar parameters are given, and the technique of lidar measurements of water vapor content in the atmosphere using the differential absorption technique is described. The results of reconstitution of humidity profiles up to 17-km altitudes are given based on results of laser sounding.

Lidar differential absorption and scattering technique: theory.

The results of theoretical investigations of the differential absorption technique for sounding atmospheric water vapor are described in this paper. The sources of errors and their effect on the results of interpreting the sounding data are analyzed. The mathematical problems for inverting the lidar returns are considered.

Parametrization of transmittance for application in atmospheric optics

Abstract Different ways of improving the line-by-line method are described. Peculiarities of the application of the k-distribution method to parametrization of transmittance of overlapping bands for atmospheric gases are discussed. An expansion of the transmittance in exponential series with parameters determined on the basis of absorption coefficients is proposed.

Computer code long path method for long path differential-absorption predictions using CO 2 laser lines

A computer program LPM (Long Path Method) has been developed for imitative modeling of the concentration at gases (H2O, CO2, O3, NH3, C2H4) in the atmosphere using a long‐path double‐wavelength laser system equipped with two tunable CO2 lasers. The model is designed for four different lasing isotopes of CO2 (12C16O2, 13C16O2, 12C18O2, 13C18O2). The program determines optimal pairs of CO2 laser wavelengths, and the gas concentration retrieval errors from sounding data caused both by detector noise and systematic inaccuracy. The program was written in MS FORTRAN and Visual Basic languages for Windows 3.1 and an IBM‐compatible PC.

The computer codes LARA and AIRA for simulating the atmospheric transmittance and radiance: Current status

Abstract The two compter codes for atmospheric transmittance/radiance simulations are briefly outlined. The first package (LARA) is based on a line-by-line method and makes possible the calculation of the transmittance and radiance with high spectral resolution. The second package (AIRA) is based on an approximate method and intended for calculations of the transmittance and radiance with low spectral resolution. The results of simulation and comparison are presented.

A fast line-by-line method

Abstract A new spectral line selection algorithm is developed. The algorithm makes it possible to decrease the number of spectral lines with the increase in altitude. In order for the computer code based on a line-by-line method to operate efficiently two line selections must be carried out. The first selection is rough. This enables the most weak lines not contributing to the optical thickness of the layer z 1 – z 2 to be eliminated. The other lines are subjected to the second selection. In this case the maximum height up to which the line should be taken into account is determined. At the same time for each line at each altitude the maximum resonance frequency difference within the limits of which the contribution of the line to absorption should be taken into account is determined. The gain in the time of calculation of the integral transmittance may be of five times or greater. The calculation error of the integral transmittance is not larger than 0.5%.

Copper vapor laser lidar for tropospheric ozone sounding

For tropospheric ozone sounding with use of the differential absorption method a lidar is proposed operating at the nonconventional wavelength pairs: 271/289 nm (sum frequency of yellow and green radiation lines of copper vapor laser and second harmonic of copper vapor laser, yellow line, respectively) and 289/308 nm (308 nm is the excimer XeCl laser radiation wavelength).

Laser absorption diagnosis of atmospheric gases

Mans intense industrial activity is the main source of atmospheric air pollution. Up to 500,000 different pollutants are ejected into the atmosphere every year [i], the problem of their control being very urgent. At present there is a whole arsenal of analytic methods for monitoring air pollution [i], among which the laser methods, by virtue of their considerable advantages, are attaining ever firmer positions. The present article examines one of the laser methods for determining the integral concentration of gases by means of a tunable C02 laser, the determination being based on the absorption of the lasers radiation by the molecules in the atmosphere.

Attenuation of powerful ruby laser pulses in the atmosphere by resonant absorption of water vapor

The attenuation of a ruby laser pulse at the wavelength λ = 6943.8å is calculated under conditions of spectroscopic saturation for a parallel beam and a diverging beam with divergence angle ϕ= 10−5 rad. It is shown that deviation from the Bouguer law may reach ∼45% at a path length ℓ = 2 km for an initial power level of I0 = 0.5Is for the parallel beam, and ∼20% for I0 = 0.25Is for the divergent beam (Is, saturation power).

The dynamic model of enterprise revenue management

The article presents the dynamic model of enterprise revenue management. This model is based on the quadratic criterion and linear control law. The model is founded on multiple regression that links revenues with the financial performance of the enterprise. As a result, optimal management is obtained so as to provide the given enterprise revenue, namely, the values of financial indicators that ensure the planned profit of the organization are acquired.