A. A. Tulupov

Measurement of viscous flow velocity and flow visualization using two magnetic resonance imagers

The accuracies of measuring the velocity field using clinical and research magnetic resonance imagers are compared. The flow velocity of a fluid simulating blood in a carotid artery model connected to a programmable pump was measured. Using phase-contrast magnetic resonance tomography, the velocity distributions in the carotid artery model were obtained and compared with the analytical solution for viscous liquid flow in a cylindrical tube (Poiseuille flow). It is found that the accuracy of the velocity measurement does not depend on the field induction and spatial resolution of the imagers.

A Female Patient with FMR1 Premutation and Mosaic X Chromosome Aneuploidy and Two Sons with Intellectual Disability

In this report, we describe a molecular cytogenetic study of a family burdened with intellectual disability (ID) and suicide. Our study revealed that the mother has a heterozygous premutation in the FMR1 gene and supernumerary X chromosomes as well as X-derived marker chromosomes. Both of her sons have ID and a normal chromosome number. One of the sons has fragile X syndrome, and the other has ID of an unclear nature.

[Use of phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging to quantify cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in patients with communicating hydrocephalus].

OBJECTIVE to determine differences in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow velocities in patients with varying degrees of communicating hydrocephalus (CH) versus a group of healthy volunteers without hydrodynamic disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS The investigation enrolled 27 CH patients (17 and 10 patients with an Evans index of 0.31 and 0.46, respectively) and 62 healthy volunteers. Average, volumetric, and peak flow velocities were determined at different intracranial levels. RESULTS Analysis of differences between the mean values indicated that the patients with CH were observed to have progressive cranial cavity CSF outflow obstruction that depended on the degree of dilation of the ventricular system and, probably, on impaired CSF reabsorption. These changes can provide an explanation for the clinical symptoms present in the patients and also serve as diagnostic criteria. CONCLUSION The investigation showed that phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging might be used to estimate the quantitative indicators of CSF in health and in varying degrees of CH. The velocity characteristics of antegrade and retrograde CSF flows are significantly different in health and in disease, which may be relevant to neurologists and neurosurgeons when planning therapy and surgery options.

Reconstruction of unbroken vasculature of mouse by varying the slope of the scan plane in MRI

Reconstruction of vascular net of small laboratory animals from MRI data is associated with some problems. This paper proposes a method of MRI data processing which allows to eliminate the fragmentation of reconstructed vascular net. Problem of vessels fragmentation occurs in the case when vessels are parallel to the scanning plane. Our approach is based on multiple scanning, object under consideration is probed by several sets of parallel planes. The algorithm is applied to real MRI data of small laboratory animals and shows good results.

Fetal diastematomyelia associated with vertebral malformation: ultrasound, MRI, and pathomorphological findings.

Using a specific clinical example, we demonstrate the ability of prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose associated spine and spinal cord malformations in the group of spinal dysraphisms. Thus, the original ultrasound (US) and MRI results for the affected fetus at week 21 are illustrated and described in detail. The paucity of reports of prenatal MR-semiotic findings of split cord malformation comparing US and pathomorphological findings at a relatively early gestational age makes the present case unique and instructive. The outstanding capability of MRI to diagnose spinal pathologies indicates the necessity of including prenatal MRI in the diagnostic algorithm to determine the severity of the lesions and the appropriate management during pregnancy, childbirth, and the early postnatal period.