A. Al-Ghandoor

Electricity Consumption in the Industrial Sector of Jordan: Application of Multivariate Linear Regression and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Techniques

In this study two techniques, for modeling electricity consumption of the Jordanian industrial sector, are presented: (i) multivariate linear regression and (ii) neuro‐fuzzy models. Electricity consumption is modeled as function of different variables such as number of establishments, number of employees, electricity tariff, prevailing fuel prices, production outputs, capacity utilizations, and structural effects. It was found that industrial production and capacity utilization are the most important variables that have significant effect on future electrical power demand. The results showed that both the multivariate linear regression and neuro‐fuzzy models are generally comparable and can be used adequately to simulate industrial electricity consumption. However, comparison that is based on the square root average squared error of data suggests that the neuro‐fuzzy model performs slightly better for future prediction of electricity consumption than the multivariate linear regression model. Such results are in full agreement with similar work, using different methods, for other countries.

Analysis of energy and exergy use in the Jordanian urban residential sector

This study presents an analysis of the energy and exergy utilisation of the Jordanian urban residential sector by considering the flows of energy and exergy through the main end uses and applications in Jordanian households. To achieve this purpose, a survey covering 200 households was conducted and energy consumption data were gathered. Exergy analysis of Jordanian urban residential sector utilisation indicates a less efficient picture than that obtained by the energy analysis. Energy and exergy efficiencies were found to be equal to 66.6% and 15.4%, respectively.

Analysis of energy and exergy utilisation of Jordan's agricultural sector

This paper presents detailed analysis of energy and exergy utilisation in the agricultural sector of Jordan, by considering the sectoral energy and exergy flows through the main end uses of sub-sectors. Artesian water wells, agricultural machinery, poultry and cattle farms consumed about 57.0, 12.3, 27.3 and 3.4%, respectively, of the total energy used by the agricultural sector in the year 2004. The main outcome of this study is that a large room exists for further improvements in this sector, since the calculated overall energy and exergy efficiencies were low, i.e. 37.3% and 23.5%, respectively.

Decomposition analysis of electricity use in the Jordanian industrial sector

This paper is focused on the electricity demand of the industrial sector in Jordan, since it is responsible for about 24.15% of the total electricity consumption in the country. Analyses of the changes in energy demand for the years 2008–2013 and the factors affecting this demand are investigated in this study. The modified Laspeyers factor decomposition approach is used to give a more precise estimate of how changes in industrial production, structural, and efficiency effects contributed to the changes in electricity demand. The Jordanian industrial sector was disaggregated into twenty two sub-sectors according to International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC). A major finding of this paper is that although increased industrial production caused energy demand to increase between 1998 and 2005, significant improvements in energy efficiency and structural shift have contributed to reducing the rate of this increase.

Performance of diesel engine using gas mixture with variable specific heats model

Abstract A thermodynamic, one-zone, zero-dimensional computational model for a diesel engine is established in which a working fluid consisting of various gas mixtures has been implemented. The results were compared to those which use air as the working fluid with variable specific heats. Most of the parameters that are important for compression ignition engines, such as equivalence ratio, engine speed, maximum temperature, gas pressure, brake mean effective pressure and cycle thermal efficiency, have been studied. Furthermore, the effect of boost pressure was studied using both the gas mixture and dependent temperature air models. It was found that the temperature dependent air model overestimates the maximum temperature and cylinder pressure. For example, for the air model, the maximum temperature and cylinder pressure were about 1775 K and 93·5 bar respectively at 2500 rev min−1, and the fuel/air equivalence ratio Φ = 0·6. On the other hand, when the gas mixture model is used under the same con...

Prediction of energy consumption of passenger transportation and GHG emissions in Jordan

In this paper, the structure of the Jordanian transport sector is analysed with focus on passenger cars, which represent 65% of total vehicles and responsible for almost all of the national gasoline fuel demand. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, an empirical model is developed based on multivariate linear regression analysis to identify key drivers that influence gasoline consumption. In addition, possible impacts of introducing diesel powered saloon cars, as an energy efficiency measure to the passenger cars market, on the future energy demand and associated reduction in GHG emissions are analysed and evaluated using different scenarios. Based on the conducted analysis, it was found that the number of cars, income level and unit gasoline price are the most important variables that affect present and future gasoline demand. The obtained results proved that the multivariate linear regression models can be used adequately to simulate gasoline consumption with very high coefficient of determi...

Decomposition analysis of electricity use in the Jordanian Industrial sector between years 2008

This paper is focused on the electricity demand of the industrial sector in Jordan, since it is responsible for about 24.15% of the total electricity consumption in the country. Analyses of the changes in energy demand for the years 2008–2013 and the factors affecting this demand are investigated in this study. The modified Laspeyers factor decomposition approach is used to give a more precise estimate of how changes in industrial production, structural, and efficiency effects contributed to the changes in electricity demand. The Jordanian industrial sector was disaggregated into twenty two sub-sectors according to International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC). A major finding of this paper is that although increased industrial production caused energy demand to increase between 1998 and 2005, significant improvements in energy efficiency and structural shift have contributed to reducing the rate of this increase.

Jordanian industrial sector future energy consumption: Potential savings and environmental impact

This paper analyzes and evaluates impacts of introducing some efficient measures on the future fuel and electricity demands and associated reduction in GHG emissions. Without employing most effective energy conservation measures, energy demand is expected to rise by approximately 38% within 12 years time. Consequently, associated GHG emissions resulting from activities within the industrial sector are predicted to rise by 33% for the same period. However, if recommended energy management measures are implemented on a gradual basis, electricity and fuel consumptions as well as GHG emissions are forecasted to increase at a lower rate.

ENERGY END-USE MODEL OF THE JORDANIAN SMES INDUSTRIES

In this paper, an energy end-use model of the Jordanian SMEs industries is presented. The industrial sector in Jordan consumes about 23% of the country’s total energy. To establish the end-use model, a survey covering 150 facilities of different types of industries was conducted. The results show that the main electricity end-use consumers are electrical motors with a share of 55% of the total electricity consumption. On the other hand, fossil fuel is mainly used for hot water and steam generation with diesel fuel as a dominant fuel. The results of the study can be considered as an insight into the energy usage pattern of the Jordanian industrial sector for the policy maker. Furthermore, the results could provide important guidelines and insights for future research and development allocations and energy projects.

Potential CO2 reduction through restructuring the Jordanian utility sector

This study attempts to predict the potential CO2 reduction due to pre-proposed future restructuring scenarios toward clean generation technologies for the Jordanian utility sector. The calculation is based on CO2 emission for unit electricity generated and the changing type of fuel percentages for electricity generation in Jordan. It was found that such restructuring will significantly contribute to undermine the global greenhouse gases emissions. The potential CO2 reductions by gradually introducing energy sources substitutions for electricity generation in Jordan are in a range of 1413−12,170 million kg for different suggested scenarios by year 2028.