A. Aydin

Spallation neutron emission spectra in medium and heavy target nuclei by a proton beam up to 140 MeV energy

In this study, neutron-emission spectra produced by (p,xn) reactions for some spallation neutron target nuclei such as (65)Cu, (204,206,207,208)Pb, (209)Bi, (232)Th and (238)U have been calculated by a proton beam up to 140 MeV. Multiple pre-equilibrium mean free path constants from internal transition for (204,208)Pb (p, xn) neutron emission spectra have been investigated. In the calculations, pre-equilibrium effects were calculated by using new evaluated hybrid model and geometry dependent hybrid model, full exciton model and cascade exciton model. The reaction equilibrium component was calculated by Weisskopf-Ewing model. The obtained results have been discussed and compared with the available experimental data and found agreement with each other.

Application of asymmetry depending empirical formulas for (p,nα) reaction cross-sections at 24.8 and 28.5 MeV incident energies

In this study, we have investigated the asymmetry term effect for the (p,n alpha) reaction cross-sections and we have obtained new coefficients for the (p,n alpha) reactions at 24.8 and 28.5 MeV energies. We have suggested empirical formulas including the new coefficients found by fitting two parameters for proton induced reactions. The coefficients were determined by least-squares fitting method. The obtained cross-section formulas with new coefficients have been discussed and compared with the available experimental data.

Calculations of double-differential triton emission cross sections at 62-MeV proton-induced reactions

Double-differential cross sections (d2σ/dΩdɛ) have been calculated and analyzed for triton production in proton-induced reactions on 27Al, 54,56Fe, 197Au, and 208Pb target nuclei at incident energy of 62 MeV. Calculations of double-differential cross sections have been performed using nuclear models implemented in the TALYS 1.2 code. The calculated results of the double-differential cross sections for triton emission have been compared with the existing experimental data.

The equilibrium and preequilibrium neutron-emission spectra of some structural fusion materials for (n, xn) reactions up to 16 MeV energy

In this study, neutron-emission spectra produced by (n, xn) reactions for some structural fusion materials as 27Al, 51V, 52Cr, 55Mn, and 56Fe have been investigated by a neutron beam up to 16 MeV. Multiple preequilibrium mean-free-path constant from internal transition and the preequilibrium and equilibrium level-density parameters have been investigated for some (n, xn) neutron-emission spectra calculated in this study. Preequilibrium neutron-emission spectra were calculated by using new-evaluated hybrid model and geometry-dependent hybrid model, full-exciton model, and cascade-exciton model. The reaction equilibrium component was calculated by Weisskopf-Ewing model. The obtained results have been discussed and compared with the available experimental data and found agreement with each other.

New calculation method for initial exciton numbers on nucleon induced pre-equilibrium reactions

In this study, we investigate the pre-equilibrium effect by using new evaluated geometry dependent hybrid model for the {sup 208}Pb (p,xn) reaction at 25.5 and 62.9 MeV incident proton energies. We also suggest that the initial neutron and proton exciton numbers for the nucleon induced precompound reactions be calculated from the neutron and proton density by using an effective nucleon-nucleon interaction with Skyrme force. We calculate the initial exciton numbers obtained from SKM* and SLy4 for a proton induced reaction on target nuclei {sup 208}Pb. The obtained results have been investigated and compared with the pre-equilibrium calculations and experimental results.

Investigation of coulomb and pairing effects using new developed empirical formulas for proton-induced reaction cross sections

We have investigated Coulomb and pairing effects by using new empirical formulas including the new coefficients for (p, α) at 17.9 MeV, (p, np) at 22.3 MeV, and (p, nα) at 24.8 and 28.5 MeV energies. A new formula is obtained by adjusting Levkovskii’s original asymmetry parameter formula and also Tel et al. formula for proton-induced reactions. The new coefficients by using least-squares fitting method for the reactions are determined. In addition, the findings of the present study are compared with the available experimental data.

(γ, 2n)-Reaction cross-section calculations of several even-even lanthanide nuclei using different level density models

There are several level density models that can be used to predict photo-neutron cross sections. Some of them are Constant Temperature + Fermi Gas Model (CTFGM), Back-Shifted Fermi Gas Model (BSFM), Generalized Superfluid Model (GSM), Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov microscopic Model (HFBM). In this study, the theoretical photo-neutron cross sections produced by (γ, 2n) reactions for several eveneven lanthanide nuclei such as 140,142Ce, 142,144,146,148,150Nd, 144,148,150,152,154Sm, and 160Gd have been calculated on the different level density models as mentioned above by using TALYS 1.6 and EMPIRE 3.1 computer codes for incident photon energies up to 30 MeV. The obtained results have been compared with each other and available experimental data existing in the EXFOR database. Generally, at least one level density model cross-section calculations are in agreement with the experimental results for all reactions except 144Sm(γ, 2n)142Sm along the incident photon energy, TALYS 1.6 BSFM option for the level density model cross-section calculations can be chosen if the experimental data are not available or are improbable to be produced due to the experimental difficulty.

Photo-neutron cross-section calculations of 142,143,144,145,146,150Nd rare-earth isotopes for (γ, n) reaction

The theoretical photo-neutron cross sections for (γ, n) reaction have been calculated on 142,143,144,145,146,150Nd rare-earth isotopes at photon energies of 8–23 MeV using the PCROSS, TALYS 1.2, and EMPIRE 3.1 computer codes. TALYS 1.2 two-component exciton model and EMPIRE 3.1 exciton model has been used to calculate the pre-equilibrium photo-neutron cross sections. PCROSS Weisskopf-Ewing model has been used for the reaction equilibrium cross-section calculations. The obtained cross sections have been compared with each other and against the experimental values existing in the EXFOR database. Generally, pre-equilibrium model cross-section calculations are in good agreement with the experimental data for all reactions along the incident photon energy in this study.

Nuclear model calculations on the production of 125,123Xe and 133,131,129,128Ba radioisotopes

In this study, production rates of 125,123Xe and 133,131,129,128Ba medical isotopes produced by 127I(p, 3n)125Xe, 127I(p, 5n)123Xe, 133Cs(p, n)133mgBa, 133Cs(p, 3n)131mgBa, 133Cs(p, 5n)129Ba, and 133Cs(p, 6n)128Ba reactions have been investigated up to 100 MeV incident proton energy. The preequilibrium calculations involve the hybrid model, the geometry-dependent hybrid model and the cascade exciton model. The calculated results are compared with the experimental data taken from the literature.

The effect of the initial exciton numbers on 54,56Fe(p, xp) Pre-Equilibrium Reactions

In pre-equilibrium nuclear reactions, the geometry-dependent hybrid model is applied with the use of the neutron and proton densities to investigate the effect of initial exciton numbers on the nucleon emission spectra. The initial exciton numbers calculated with the theoretical neutron and proton densities have been obtained within the Skryme-Hartree-Fock method with SKM* and SLy4 forces on target nuclei in the 54,56Fe(p, xp) reaction at 61.5-MeV incident proton energy by using a new calculationmethod of Tel et al. Also, the differences between the initial exciton numbers for protons and neutrons as a function of nuclear radius, focusing on systematic discrepancies correlated to differences in the proton and neutron densities have been investigated.