A B M Rafi Sazzad

A secured electronic transaction scheme for mobile banking in Bangladesh incorporating digital watermarking

Nowadays internet-based banking is getting popularity because of its several advantages, such as ease of operation and virtual monetary activities, i.e., clients physical presence at different bank locations is no more required. However, because of scarcity of accessibility at different locations, cost, and slow speed, number of people using internet communication is a small percentage of the mobile phone users, especially in the developing countries. Moreover, security in internet-based banking is still a major concern. Most of the financial institutions have their own domain and offer web-based transaction facilities. In this paper, we propose a scheme to utilize the internet based existing banking facility via short message service (SMS) available in mobile phone technology without having the internet connection. In view of ensuring a high level of security, we introduce two-level security scheme: voice verification and digital watermarking.

A Basic Digital Watermarking Algorithm in Discrete Cosine Transformation Domain

Digital watermarking is the newfangled idea in digital media. As the replication and modification of digital media content is done frequently and without any significant obstruction, secrecy and authenticity become vulnerable to attacks. In the information hiding community digital watermarking has achieved immense popularity due to its righteous stronghold against piracy and non-repudiation. Many watermarking algorithm has been developed in recent years. From the context of the purposes, as they serve, they differ from each other. Here we propose some basic algorithms of digital watermarking technique using LSB (Least Significant Bit) and DCT (Discrete Cosine Transformation).

Nuclear waste transmutation by decay energetics, compton imaging, Bremsstrahlung and nuclei dynamics

Of all the panoramas of nuclear power in the world, none is so disputatious or as pivotal as the issue of nuclear waste and its management. While there is no contiguous reason for alarm, an immense amount of amelioration is needed if the worlds custody of its radioactive waste is to become a programmed and prosecuted success. Disposal of waste can highly jeopardize the atmosphere and environment. Already waste disposal in ocean is proscribed by the governments of developed countries. As energy sources are going to be diminished, our future prognoses certainly run towards nuclear power as it is already weighed as a safe and clean alternative energy. As, tralatitious waste disposal system is hazardous, rumination about nuclear waste management, treatment and processing via adopting different physical and chemical technologies is of grave importance. Virility of nuclear waste needs to be controlled and mitigated for safe industrial purposes and fuel consumptions. In this paper, overhauled radioactive waste treatment processes as well as assured data transmission from nuclear power plant to National Load Dispatch Center (NLDC) using digital watermarking is proposed as this type of penetrable data transmission is an affair of cracking concern.

Can gen-4 nuclear power and reactor technology be safe and reliable future energy for developing countries?

For the promising population, the growing demand of energy has delicate the requirement of alternative sources of energies other than fossil fuels. Though renewable energy resources like solar, biomass, hydro and geothermal energy appear as environment friendly, replenishing sources of energy, a comprehensive solution appears far-fetched as far as large scale production and wide-spread dissemination is concerned when long term cost factors are taken into consideration. The unwavering boost of population and ongoing depletion of fossil fuels and have further exacerbated the energy crisis. In this paper, discussions on the limitations of conventional and renewable sources of energy compared to advanced fourth generation nuclear power on the basis of environmental contamination, energy security, cost of fossil fuels and electricity generation and have philosophy to the prospects of nuclear power as the ultimate future energy option for the developing countries are done. Environmental issues, long term cost factors, radiation hazard and safety concerns have been considered with respect to the generation of electricity using advanced third Generation nuclear power. This study proposes that gen-4 nuclear appears to be a long term environment favorable panacea to the much discoursed problem of energy crisis by maintaining energy security and long term cost concern in developing countries as well as in the whole world.

Manipulation and transparency control of ICT constituted e-administrative protocol via digital watermarking for LDC's

Theme of E-Governance admits agile and ameliorated citizen service from a quantitative and qualitative point of view. An efficacious e-Governance system ascertains completion of administrative tasks in a nimble way reducing bureaucracy through a transparent protocol being robust against corruption. With the increased utilization and adaptation of the information and communication technologies (ICT), especially through the overhauls of the Internet, the idea of e-governance becomes easy to implement and lucrative for both the administrators and mass population. In this paper, a four dimensional e-governance approach for any administrative entity is proposed. This protocol provides a better control for decision makers over their employees as well as defends employees against over dominance and victimization from high officials. Proper sharing of work and organizational hierarchy is also ensured for the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) using their existing infrastructure in the proposed scheme. Most importantly security and integrity of emergency data are enhanced using digital watermarking based on DCT coefficients replacement method.

Non-linear Down-sampling and Signal Reconstruction, without Folding

This paper presents a theory of 1.5 factor nonlinear down-sampling, reconstruction and noise elimination. For linear down sampling of two or three factor, one sample is taken and next one or two samples are not taken/discarded. Here in non-linear down sampling two or three samples are taken and the next one is not taken. The purpose of this nonlinear down sampling is to send less data samples in voice communication. Though one sample is discarded after taking two samples value of this sample can be reconstructed from values of other samples. Here, two samples are at original sampling period, Ts interval and next two samples are at 2Ts interval. High-frequency sharp changes were extracted when sampled at Ts interval. From received signal, discarded sample can be reconstructed from nearby four samples (Previous two and next two). When original signal contains higher frequency some error signal is introduced, after reconstruction. This error signal depends on original signal. Error signal is eliminated using original signal. Down-sampling is performed after sampling and signal reconstruction is performed just before hearing the sound.

Secured cellular banking protocols using virtual internet with digital watermarking

In this paper, a GSM based cellular communication scheme with encompassing security is proposed for electronic banking. In order to demonstrate the detailed steps of the scheme in a quick but convenient manner, Warnier-Orr representation of the proposed protocols is used. The proposed SMS based mobile banking scheme provides opportunity to every client of a financial institution to use modern facilities available nowadays via internet banking. The key advantage of our scheme is that the users do not need any sophisticated cellular phone or internet connectivity within the mobile handset. They can get major services, like balance enquiry, balance transfer between authenticated customers, and bill payment without going to the bank physically and saving the precious time. Security at the level of internet based communication between the mobile server and the banking server, which is beyond the control of the clients, is a crucial issue to be handled. In view of providing a high level of security, in addition to voice authentication, the digital audio watermarking technique is employed. There is no doubt that such a secured but easy to handle system can attract clients towards e-banking, especially in developing countries.

Security Enhancement Protocol in SMS-Banking using Digital Watermarking Technique

Banking service is a part and parcel in the reformist human society. Due to the proliferation of communication tech- nology, instead of conventional paper based banking system, sms-banking and m-banking are getting immense popularity. However, regardless of nature of transactions, maintaining security is a major concern in this sector. In this paper, a short message service (SMS) based m-banking protocol under GSM technology is presented. In view of ensuring a high level of security during client authentication and data transmission, in the proposed SMS-banking scheme, a digital watermarking technique is introduced. The proposed scheme, because of wide- spread use of cellular phones, offers an ease of implementation in conjunction with a high level of security.

Simulation of Bremsstrahlung Production and Emission Process

Well-nigh of the bremsstrahlung mensurations with electron cyclotron resonance ion sources have been executed in uninterrupted functioning way conceding info exclusively on the steady-state bremsstrahlung emanation. Bremsstrahlung irradiation measuring is usually utilized many nosology method acting. At intermediate to elation laser saturations preoccupation by the definitive reverse bremsstrahlung sue drop-offs chop-chop and this mechanics alone is deficient to explicate the points of immersion evaluated in recent epoch experiments. The cognitive operation of assimilation of laser free energy are rudimentary to the study of optical maserheated atomic plasmas and have received significant care in experiments. Results and the simulations of bremsstrahlung expelling by fast electrons using numerical cross sections is described in this paper.

Simulation and Analysis of Advanced Nuclear Reactor and Kinetics Model

At the present time, considering cost factors, environmental viability and unlimited resource of power, nuclear is one of the best options and in this era of energy crisis. The initiating postulate of energy has hairsplitting the prerequisite of alternative reservoirs of energies other than fossil fuels. In this paper, Characteristic features of gen-4 nuclear reactors and simulation and analysis of nuclear reactor and kinetics model has been discussed.