A.B. Martin-Rojo

Characterization of suprathermal electron population in He dc glow discharges by optical emission and probe diagnostics

Evidence of the strong contribution of electrons with energies up to the cathode fall potential was found in low-pressure He dc glow discharge plasmas (3–8 mTorr), in agreement with expectations from the estimates of the mean free path of electron–neutral inelastic collisions. A simple gridded probe, of the retarding field analyzer type, was applied to the characterization of the full electron energy distribution function (EEDF) in He plasmas with significant contribution from suprathermal electrons (up to 3.5%). The inferred EEDFs were cross-checked with results from the He line ratio diagnostic and good agreement was found at several values of pressure and plasma current.

Reactor plasma facing component designs based on liquid metal concepts supported in porous systems

The use of liquid metals (LMs) as plasma facing components in fusion devices was proposed as early as 1970 for a field reversed concept and inertial fusion reactors. The idea was extensively developed during the APEX Project, at the turn of the century, and it is the subject at present of the biennial International Symposium on Lithium Applications (ISLA), whose fourth meeting took place in Granada, Spain at the end of September 2015. While liquid metal flowing concepts were specially addressed in USA research projects, the idea of embedding the metal in a capillary porous system (CPS) was put forwards by Russian teams in the 1990s, thus opening the possibility of static concepts. Since then, many ideas and accompanying experimental tests in fusion devices and laboratories have been produced, involving a large fraction of countries within the international fusion community. Within the EUROFusion Roadmap, these activities are encompassed into the working programs of the plasma facing components (PFC) and divertor tokamak test (DTT) packages. In this paper, a review of the state of the art in concepts based on the CPS set-up for a fusion reactor divertor target, aimed at preventing the ejection of the liquid metal by electro-magnetic (EM) forces generated under plasma operation, is described and required R+D activities on the topic, including ongoing work at CIEMAT specifically oriented to filling the remaining gaps, are stressed.