A. C. Ivy

Effect of dietary pectin, ' protopectin' and gum arabic on cholesterol excretion in rats.

The addition of pectin and a protopectin preparation containing galactose and arabinose to a noncholesterol-containing basal diet increased the fecal excretion of saponifiable lipids; the absorptio...

Assay of secretin and cholecystokinin concentrates.

Summary The assay of secretin and CCK concentrates are affected by cannulation of the pancreatic duct and the gall bladder, respectively. The ratio of dosages of a vasodilatin-free standard concentrate (SI) to the test fraction yielding the same number of drops of pancreatic juice in a 10-minute interval is determined, and the value is taken as the secretin unitage contained in 1 mg of test fraction. Similarly, the dosage ratio of this standard to the unknown giving the same gall bladder contraction is equated to the units of CCK per mg of unknown. Good reproducibility is obtained in a large number of dogs. The dose-response curves for CCK and their significance are discussed.

Capacity of the rat intestine to absorb cholesterol.

Summary The existence of a limited capacity for cholesterol absorption in the rat has been demonstrated. At dietary cholesterol levels of from 50 to 288 mg per 250 g rat per day the percentage of cholesterol absorption decreased as a linear function. The amount of cholesterol absorbed reached a plateau when the dietary cholesterol intake was 192 mg per 250 g rat per day. Under the conditions specified, the capacity of the intestinal mechanism for the absorption of cholesterol in a 250 g rat is 90 mg or approximately 360 mg per kilo body weight per day.

Impairment of Triglyceride Absorption by the Exclusion of Pancreatic Juice in the Rat

A fat balance study was conducted on 12 rats with and 12 without exclusion of the pancreatic juice, using tripalmitin, trielaidin, triolein, tallow and corn oil, or fats varying in regard to melting point, saturation, and cis and trans isomerism. Exclusion of pancreatic juice decreased the utilization of these fats. The decrement ranged from 14 to 18% of the intake of the different fats when fed at a level of 8% of the dry weight of the diet. The extent of impairment expressed as millimols could not be correlated with the physical and chemical characteristics of the fats; but if expressed as percentage of fat absorbed, the impairment was related to the melting point of the fat. The fecal elimination of soap was increased significantly by the exclusion of pancreatic juice in the case of corn oil, triolein and tallow; was not significantly increased in the case of trielaidin; and was decreased in the case of tripalmitin, due probably to decreased hydrolysis. Exclusion of pancreatic juice increased the elimination of endogenous total lipid and of soap. Fat utilization was correlated more closely with the melting point of the fats than with their saturation, suggesting that the melting point is concerned in determining utilization more than any other characteristic of the fat.

Cinchophen Choleresis and Production of Peptic Ulcer in Various Species

Summary and Conclusions A choleretic response to cinchophen was observed in guinea pigs. The chinchophen output in the bile was found to be greatest in guinea pigs and to decrease in the following order: rats, cats and rabbits. The following is the order found for susceptibility to cinchophen ulceration: cat, dog, guinea pig and rat. Rabbits were fund completely resistant. There appears to be no abvious relationship between the species susceptibility to cinchophen ulceration and the choleretic response of that species to cinchophen or to the concentration of cinchophen in the bile after intravenous administration. It would appear that the ulcer susceptible animals investigated have a low basal bile flow whilst the unsusceptible have a high flow.

Fractionation of enterogastrone concentrates

Summary A series of enterogastrone concentrates obtained by way of tannic acid treatment (ET) as well as an additional or picric acid step (EP), has been found to be similar in many physical and chemical properties. Small particle size for the active principle is evident from dialysis experiments and treatment with chloroform or trichloroacetic acid. The fractionation of the principle, was attempted by a variety of procedures including the use of nonaqueous solvents, trichloroacetic acid, dialysis, and adsorbents. Of the methods explored, definite promise was shown with the use of n -butyl alcohol. The treatment of concentrates with aluminum hydroxide suspensions produced relatively potent fractions as based on the double histamine dosage method of assay. The role of the above agents in fractionating the gastric depressant from the stimulants is discussed.

Protective Action of Vitamins G and P Against Dichlorophenarsine Hydrochloride (Clorarsen)

Conclusions Ascorbic acid and hesperidin methyl chalcone when used as a combined therapy afforded a definite protection in mice against the toxic effect of a single dose of intravenously administered dichlorophenarsine hydrochloride.