A. Eklund

MULTIPLICITY AND PSEUDORAPIDITY DISTRIBUTIONS OF CHARGED-PARTICLES FROM S-32 INDUCED HEAVY-ION INTERACTIONS AT 200-A GEV

Multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions have been measured for32S+Al, Cu, Ag and Au at 200A GeV. The widths of the pseudorapidity distributions increase from central to peripheral collisions. The main contribution is assumed to come from the increasing fraction of charged particles stemming from the fragmentation of the target for peripheral collisions as compared to central collisions. On the average 170–180 charged particles per unit of pseudorapidity are attained for the most central32S+Au events at the maximum of the distribution. The target dependence of the yield of charged particles for central collisions is investigated. In the target rapidity region the yield is directly proportional to the target mass. The transverse energy per charged particle has been studied as a function of centrality and pseudorapidity. The experimental results are compared to the results from the Monte-Carlo model VENUS 3.11 which includes rescattering among secondaries. A comparison between different centrality triggers is made.

Upper limit for thermal direct photon production in heavy-ion collisions at 60 and 200A·GeV

The production of direct photons has been investigated in reactions ofp and16O projectiles at 60 and 200A·GeV with C and Au nuclei. Photon and π0 spectra have been measured in the pseudorapidity range 1.5≦η≦2.1 for the transverse momentum region 0.4 GeV/c≦pT≦2.8 GeV/c employing the lead-glass spectrometer SAPHIR. An upper limit of 15% at the 90% confidence level for the direct photon signal relative to the neutral pion production is obtained from the comparison of measured photon spectra with Monte Carlo simulations of the hadronic background based on the reconstructed yield of π0 and η mesons. Consequences for a possible phase transition to a quark-gluon plasma are discussed.

PRODUCTION OF SLOW SINGLY CHARGED FRAGMENTS IN 200 GEV/C HADRON NUCLEUS INTERACTIONS

Measurements of slow, singly charged fragments in the target rapidity region have been performed for proton and pion induced reactions with various nuclei at 200 GeV/c. Multiplicity, angular and energy distributions are examined and used to study the effects of rescattering in the nuclear medium. Data are compared to a “geometric cascade model” and to simulations with the VENUS 3.11 and the FRITIOF 1.7 Monte Carlo codes.

Production of η mesons in 200 AGeV/cS+S and S+Au reactions

Abstract Minimum Bias production cross sections of η mesons have been measured in 200 AGeV/cS+Au and S+S collisions at the CERN SPS by reconstructing the η → γγ decay. The measurements have been made over the rapidity range 2.1 ≤ y ≤ 2.9 using the leadglass spectrometer of WA80. Within the statistical and systematical uncertainties the spectral shapes of π0 and η mesons yields are identical when their invariant differential cross section is plotted as a function of the transverse mass. The relative normalization of the η to π0 transverse mass spectra is found to be 0.53±0.07 for S+Au and 0.43±0.15 for S+S reactions. Extrapolation to full phase space leads to an integrated cross section ratio of η to π0 mesons of 0.147±0.017(stat.)±0.015(syst.), and 0.120±0.034(stat.)±0.022(syst.) for S+Au and S+S collisions, respectively.

Self-quenching streamer-tube detectors in the WA80 experiment

Abstract The copious production of charged particles in nuclues-nucleus collisions at SPS energies necessitated new technical solutions for charged-particle measurements. We describe the construction and performance of the streamer-tube detectors used in the experiment WA80 at CERN. Special attention is given to the developed electronic readout system with serial transmission of data from more than 40000 readout pads. About 100 events per beam spill were collected during data taking. For each event the full angular information is recorded for charged particles with polar angles: 2°

PION ABSORPTION IN EXCITED NUCLEAR-MATTER

The target dependence and azimuthal correlations of protons and pions are investigated for pA reactions at 4.9, 60 and 200 GeV. The experimental observations can be understood qualitatively under the assumption that pions are absorbed in excited target spectator matter.

Transverse energy production in the target fragmentation region in16O-nucleus reactions at 60 and 200A GeV

Charged pion yields and transverse energies of baryons are measured for the reaction16O+Cu, Ag, Au at 60 and 200A GeV bombarding energy in the target fragmentation region employing the Plastic Ball detector. Only little dependence of the measured quantities on the bombarding energy is found. The data are compared with the multi-chain fragmentation model of Ranft. As a result it turns out that a leading order formation zone cascade is not sufficient to explain the baryon yield and the transverse energies of baryons in the target fragmentation region.

Global and local fluctuations in multiplicity and transverse energy for central ultra-relativistic heavy-ion interactions

We present results from a comparison between experimental data and model calculations, in this case represented by the Fritiof model, regarding global and local fluctuations in the distributions of transverse energy and charged particle multiplicity. The results indicate that the observed fluctuations originate predominantly from the distribution of emitting sources, i.e. either the number of participating nucleons or the number of binary collisions. The apparently larger widths of the distributions observed in restricted regions of phase space, are explained to be of purely statistical nature. As a result of the analysis the cross section for events with energy densities much larger than the typical value for a central collision is limited. The very small scales, normally associated with studies of intermittent behaviour, are not within the scope of this paper. The results of the analysis are essentially independent of whether intermittence is of importance in the reactions or not.

Bose-einstein correlations in the target fragmentation region in 200A GeV16O+nucleus collisions

Correlations between positive pions are investigated in the target fragmentation region of 200A GeV16O+nucleus collisions. The pions are measured with the Plastic Ball detector in the WA80 experiment at the CERN SPS. The target mass dependence of the radii and the correlation strength extracted by interferometry is studied. A new approach to the fit of the correlation function is introduced. The correlation strength and both invariant and transverse radii increase with decreasing target mass. The transverse radius for16O+C reactions appears to be much larger than the geometrical radius of the nuclei involved. For the Au target only a small fraction of the measured pions contributes to the apparent correlation. Hints for a much larger second component in16O+Au reactions are observed. Rescattering phenomena may provide a clue to understand these phenomena.

Results from WA80 on transverse energy production, fluctuations in multiparticle production, and γ/π0 ratios

Abstract Results are presented concerning transverse energy production from the WA80 run of 1987 using beams of E/A = 200 GeV 32 S produced by the CERN SPS. Comparisons are made to the earlier results obtained with E / A = 60 and 200 GeV 16 0. The results of an analysis of fluctuations in the charged-particle pseudorapidity densities for the 16 0 data are presented next. These analyses were carried out following a method suggested by Bialas and Peschanski. This reveals fluctuations down to pseudorapidity scales of δ = 0.1. Finally, a preliminary value is presented for the excess of observed photons over known sources in reactions of E/A = 200 GeV 16 O + Au . These measurements span the pseudorapidity interval 1.5 T = 0.4–2.4GeV/c. This excess is observed for central O + Au collisions but not for peripheral O + Au collisions.