A. Elizabeth Ready

The economic benefits of risk factor reduction in Canada: Tobacco smoking, excess weight and physical inactivity

OBJECTIVE: Tobacco smoking, excess weight and physical inactivity contribute substantially to the preventable disease burden in Canada. The purpose of this paper is to apply a recently developed approach in addressing the issue of double counting in estimating the combined current economic burden of these risk factors (RFs) and to estimate the economic benefits of long-term RF reduction in Canada.METHODS: We used an approach based on population attributable fractions (PAF) to estimate the economic burden associated with the various RFs. Sex-specific relative risk and age-/sex-specific prevalence data were used in the modelling when available. Excess weight was modelled as a trichotomous exposure (normal weight, overweight, obese) while tobacco smoking was modelled as a tetrachotomous exposure (non-smoker, light, medium or heavy smoker). All costs are given in constant 2012 Canadian dollars.RESULTS: The annual economic burden of the RFs of tobacco smoking, excess weight and physical inactivity in Canada are estimated at

Prehabilitation program for elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients: a pilot randomized controlled study:

50.3 billion in 2012. Sensitivity analysis suggests a range for the economic burden of

The interactive effects of type a behavior and hostility on bleeding time thromboxane and prostacyclin formation

41.6 to

Relationship of functional fitness with daily steps in community-dwelling older adults.

58.7 billion. Of the

Fitness and Lifestyle Parameters Fail to Predict Back injuries in Nurses

50.3 billion,

Personal Factors, Perceived Environment, and Objectively Measured Walking in Old Age

21.3 (

Adoption of Canada's Physical Activity Guide and Handbook for Older Adults: Impact on Functional Fitness and Energy Expenditure

20.0 to

Incidence and Determinants of Injuries Sustained by Older Women during a Walking Program

22.6) billion is attributable to tobacco smoking,

Energy expenditure during golfing and lawn mowing in older adult men.

19.0 (

The Effects of a Moderate Physical Activity Program on Thermoregulatory Responses in a Warm Environment in Men

1 3.8 to