A. Elmore Seeds

WATER METABOLISM OF THE FETUS.

A solution to get the problem off, have you found it? Really? What kind of solution do you resolve the problem? From what sources? Well, there are so many questions that we utter every day. No matter how you will get the solution, it will mean better. You can take the reference from some books. And the the water metabolism of the fetus is one book that we really recommend you to read, to get more solutions in solving this problem.

Acid-base determinations in human amniotic fluid throughout pregnancy

Abstract The pH, pCO 2 , and bicarbonate concentrations of human amniotic fluid are reported in 46 patients from 10 to 42 weeks gestational age. A decrease in pH and bicarbonate concentration and an increase in pCO 2 was found with increasing gestational age in the human. These changes were similar to previous observations in the primate (rhesus monkey), although absolute values obtained from amniotic fluid at any stage in pregnancy were different.

Changes in amniotic fluid total solute concentration in the rhesus monkey

Abstract Total solute concentrations of the amniotic fluid and maternal plasma from 52 rhesus ( Macaca mulatta ) monkeys in various stages of pregnancy are reported. The mean amniotic fluid total solute concentration was 293.6 ± 7.0 mOsm. per kilogram of water from 40 to 90 days gestation and 280.6 ± 4.7 mOsm. per kilogram of water from 90 to 158 days gestation; and that of maternal plasma was 297.0 ± 6.6 mOsm. per kilogram throughout gestation. The relevance of these observations to the possible mechanism of formation of amniotic fluid is discussed. Total amniotic fluid volumes of ten animals at various gestational ages are reported. The volumes increased to a value of 20 ml. per kilogram of maternal weight at 112 days gestation, and then decreased as pregnancy approached term.

Changes in amniotic fluid volume and total solute concentration in the rhesus monkey following replacement with distilled water

Abstract Changes in amniotic fluid total solute composition and volume in the rhesus monkey following replacement of this fluid with equal volumes of distilled water are described. Initial reduction of total solute concentration of this fluid was rapidly corrected over the next 18 to 20 hours. This correction was achieved by a combination of net transfer of water out of the amniotic fluid compartment and of net transfer of solute, principally sodium and corresponding anions, back into the sac. 131 I-albumin dilution is shown to be a reliable method for measuring amniotic fluid volume in the rhesus monkey. The range of measured volumes increases with gestational age; no other meaningful correlation is seen in the data obtained.

Water transfer across the human amnion in response to osmotic gradients.

Abstract Net water transfer across the in vitro human amnion at term in response to osmotic gradients has been shown to occur at many times the rate expected by diffusion alone. This is a “nondiffusional” or “bulk flow” process, by which solvent water is transferred across porous membrames in response to chemical potential gradients.

Correlation of the oxygendissociation curves of adult and fetal hemoglobin solutions with the H+ ion concentration gradients of adult and fetal red blood cells

children has any history of hemorrhagic tendencies, a prolonged whole-blood clotting time in an l l -year-old girl led to the findings of a markedIy prolonged partial thromboplastin time ( P T T ) , abnormal thromboplastin generation test (TGT) , and a normal prothrombin time (PT) in the patient and in 3 of her 10 siblings. The abnormal PTT and T G T were corrected by aluminum hydroxide adsorbed fresh plasma and by serum. Using the kaot in-PTT system, equal mixtures of plasma from the patients and normal plasma produced a normal time. In addition, plasmas deficient in plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA) , Hageman factor (HF) , antihemophilic factor (AHF) , or plasma thromboplastin component (PTC) corrected the abnormality. Specific assays of the patients plasmas (confirmed by two other coagulation laboratories) for fibrinogen (I) , prothrombin ( I I ) , proaccelerin (V), AHF (VI I I ) , PTC ( IX) , Stuart factor (X) , PTA (XI ) , HF ( X I I ) , and anticoagulant activity were all within normal limits. Physical and chemical properties of plasma correcting the defect in vitro ( temperature and storage stability, glass activation, chemical adsorption, and chemical fraetionation) indicate that the defeet is closely related to that found in PTAand HF-deficient plasma. These findings suggest the existence of a previously undeseribed coagulation factor which is similar to the known glass contact factors, PTA and HF.