A. Etenko

Limits on neutrino oscillations from the CHOOZ experiment

Abstract We present new results based on the entire CHOOZ (The CHOOZ experiment is named after the new nuclear power station operated by Electricite de France (EdF) near the village of Chooz in the Ardennes region of France) data sample. We find (at 90% confidence level) no evidence for neutrino oscillations in the ν e disappearance mode, for the parameter region given by approximately δm 2 >7·10 −4 eV 2 for maximum mixing, and sin22θ=0.10 for large δm2. Lower sensitivity results, based only on the comparison of the positron spectra from the two different-distance nuclear reactors, are also presented; these are independent of the absolute normalization of the ν e flux, the cross section, the number of target protons and the detector efficiencies.

Search for neutrino oscillations on a long base-line at the CHOOZ nuclear power station

Abstract. This final article about the CHOOZ experiment presents a complete description of the

Initial results from the CHOOZ long baseline reactor neutrino oscillation experiment

\bar{\nu}_e

First evidence of pep solar neutrinos by direct detection in Borexino.

source and detector, the calibration methods and stability checks, the event reconstruction procedures and the Monte Carlo simulation. The data analysis, systematic effects and the methods used to reach our conclusions are fully discussed. Some new remarks are presented on the deduction of the confidence limits and on the correct treatment of systematic errors.

Science and technology of Borexino: a real-time detector for low energy solar neutrinos

Abstract Initial results are presented from CHOOZ 1 , a long-baseline reactor-neutrino vacuum-oscillation experiment. The data reported here were taken during the period March to October 1997, when the two reactors ran at combined power levels varying from zero to values approaching their full rated power of 8.5 GW (thermal). Electron antineutrinos from the reactors were detected by a liquid scintillation calorimeter located at a distance of about 1 km . The detector was constructed in a tunnel protected from cosmic rays by a 300 MWE rock overburden. This massive shielding strongly reduced potentially troublesome backgrounds due to cosmic-ray muons, leading to a background rate of about one event per day, more than an order of magnitude smaller than the observed neutrino signal. From the statistical agreement between detected and expected neutrino event rates, we find (at 90% confidence level) no evidence for neutrino oscillations in the ν e disappearance mode for the parameter region given approximately by Δm 2 >0.9 10 −3 eV 2 for maximum mixing and sin22θ>0.18 for large Δm2.Initial results are presented from CHOOZ , a long-baseline reactor-neutrino vacuum-oscillation experiment. The data reported here were taken during the period March to October 1997, when the two reactors ran at combined power levels Ž . varying from zero to values approaching their full rated power of 8.5 GW thermal . Electron antineutrinos from the reactors were detected by a liquid scintillation calorimeter located at a distance of about 1 km. The detector was constructed in a tunnel protected from cosmic rays by a 300 MWE rock overburden. This massive shielding strongly reduced potentially troublesome backgrounds due to cosmic-ray muons, leading to a background rate of about one event per day, more than an order of magnitude smaller than the observed neutrino signal. From the statistical agreement between detected and expected Ž . neutrino event rates, we find at 90% confidence level no evidence for neutrino oscillations in the n disappearance mode e 1 ́ Ž . The CHOOZ experiment is named after the new nuclear power station operated by Electricite de France EdF near the village of Chooz ́ in the Ardennes region of France. 0370-2693r98r

Observation of Geo{Neutrinos

19.00 q 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Ž . PII S0370-2693 97 01476-7 ( ) M. Apollonio et al.rPhysics Letters B 42

Study of reactor antineutrino interaction with proton at Bugey nuclear power plant

G. Bellini, J. Benziger, D. Bick, S. Bonetti, G. Bonfini, D. Bravo, M. Buizza Avanzini, B. Caccianiga, L. Cadonati, F. Calaprice, C. Carraro, P. Cavalcante, A. Chavarria, D. D’Angelo, S. Davini, A. Derbin, A. Etenko, K. Fomenko, 4 D. Franco, C. Galbiati, S. Gazzana, C. Ghiano, M. Giammarchi, M. Goeger-Neff, A. Goretti, L. Grandi, E. Guardincerri, S. Hardy, Aldo Ianni, Andrea Ianni, D. Korablev, G. Korga, Y. Koshio, D. Kryn, M. Laubenstein, T. Lewke, E. Litvinovich, B. Loer, F. Lombardi, P. Lombardi, L. Ludhova, I. Machulin, S. Manecki, W. Maneschg, G. Manuzio, Q. Meindl, E. Meroni, L. Miramonti, M. Misiaszek, 4 D. Montanari, 7 P. Mosteiro, V. Muratova, L. Oberauer, M. Obolensky, F. Ortica, K. Otis, M. Pallavicini, L. Papp, L. Perasso, S. Perasso, A. Pocar, J. Quirk, R.S. Raghavan, G. Ranucci, A. Razeto, A. Re, A. Romani, A. Sabelnikov, R. Saldanha, C. Salvo, S. Schönert, H. Simgen, M. Skorokhvatov, O. Smirnov, A. Sotnikov, S. Sukhotin, Y. Suvorov, R. Tartaglia, G. Testera, D. Vignaud, R.B. Vogelaar, F. von Feilitzsch, J. Winter, M. Wojcik, A. Wright, M. Wurm, J. Xu, O. Zaimidoroga, S. Zavatarelli, and G. Zuzel

Measurement of geo-neutrinos from 1353 days of Borexino

Abstract Borexino, a real-time device for low energy neutrino spectroscopy is nearing completion of construction in the underground laboratories at Gran Sasso, Italy (LNGS). The experiments goal is the direct measurement of the flux of 7 Be solar neutrinos of all flavors via neutrino–electron scattering in an ultra-pure scintillation liquid. Seeded by a series of innovations which were brought to fruition by large-scale operation of a 4-ton test detector at LNGS, a new technology has been developed for Borexino. It enables sub-MeV solar neutrino spectroscopy for the first time. This paper describes the design of Borexino, the various facilities essential to its operation, its spectroscopic and background suppression capabilities and a prognosis of the impact of its results towards resolving the solar neutrino problem. Borexino will also address several other frontier questions in particle physics, astrophysics and geophysics.

SOX: Short distance neutrino Oscillations with BoreXino

Geo–neutrinos, electron anti–neutrinos produced in β decays of naturally occurring radioactive isotopes in the Earth, are a unique direct probe of our planet’s interior. We report the first observation at more than 3σ C.L. of geo–neutrinos, performed with the Borexino detector at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. Anti–neutrinos are detected through the neutron inverse β decay reaction. With a 252.6 ton·yr fiducial exposure after all selection cuts, we detected 9.9 −3.4( +14.6 −8.2 ) geo–neutrino events, with errors corresponding to a 68.3% (99.73%) C.L. From the lnL profile, the statistical significance of the Borexino geo-neutrino observation corresponds to a 99.997% C.L. Our measurement of the geo–neutrinos rate is 3.9 −1.3( +5.8 −3.2) events/(100 ton·yr). The observed prompt positron spectrum above 2.6 MeV is compatible with that expected from european nuclear reactors (mean base line of approximately 1000 km). Our measurement of reactor anti–neutrinos excludes the non-oscillation hypothesis at 99.60% C.L. This measurement rejects the hypothesis of an active geo-reactor in the Earth’s core with a power above 3 TW at 95% C.L.

Muon and Cosmogenic Neutron Detection in Borexino

Abstract We report on a high precision measurement at 15m from a 2800 MWth reactor in which 300 000 events of electron antineutrino interactions with proton have been detected using an integral method. The cross section of the neutron inverse beta-decay process has been measured with an accuracy of 1.4%. The ratio of measured cross section to the expected one in the standard V-A theory of weak interactions is: σ ⨍ /σ V−A = 98.7% ± 1.4% ± 2.7% = 0.987 ± 0.030 .