A.F. Clark
University of North Texas Health Science Center
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Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science | 2015
J. C. Millar; Tien Phan; Iok-Hou Pang; A.F. Clark
PURPOSE We evaluated differences in aqueous humor dynamics (AHD) among several mouse strains within younger and older age groups. METHODS Albino (A/J, BALB/cJ) and pigmented (C3H/HeJ, C57-BL/6J) mice (young [2½-4½ months] and aged [10-12 months]) were studied. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured. In cannulated eyes, episcleral venous pressure (Pe) was assessed (blood reflux). Other AHD parameters (outflow facility [C], aqueous humor formation rate [Fin]) were assessed (constant flow infusion). Uveoscleral outflow rate (Fu) was obtained by calculation (Fu(calc)) using the modified Goldmann equation, and in additional eyes (for comparison), by FITC-dextran perfusion (Fu(FITC-dex)). RESULTS Intraocular pressure was higher in pigmented strains, but did not exhibit age-dependence, except in the C57-BL/6J strain. Fu(calc) decreased with age in BALB/cJ (↓83.3%), C3H/HeJ (↓78.0%), and C57-BL/6J (↓85.0%) strains. In the A/J strain, Fu(calc) decreased with age (↓70.0%), but not significantly. Fin decreased with age in the C3H/HeJ (↓53.6%) strain. In C57-BL/6J and A/J strains, Fin decreased with age, but not significantly. C in the BALB/cJ strain increased with age (↑62.5%). In C3H/HeJ and C57-BL/6J strains, C increased with age, but not significantly. Episcleral venous pressure ranged from 6.0 to 6.6 mm Hg (albino strains) to 8.5 to 8.9 mm Hg (pigmented strains). Pe was not age dependent, but was higher in pigmented animals. CONCLUSIONS In mouse, Fu and Fin diminish with age. C tends to increase as animals progress to middle life. There are strain differences in Fu, IOP, C, Fin, and Pe. The current findings provide an important foundation for comparisons among different strains in different study reports.
Experimental Eye Research | 2011
A.F. Clark
Fig. 1. Rosario Hernandez and her husband, Art Neufeld at Professor Johan Rohen’s 70th birthday celebration in Erlangen, Germany in 1992. Seated next to Rosario and Art are Dr. Paul Kaufman and his wife, Margaret George. In the background is Professor Eugen Gramer from the University of Wurzburg. This special issue of Experimental Eye Research entitled “What damages ganglion cells in glaucoma?” is dedicated to the memory of M. Rosario Hernandez-Neufeld, who lost her courageous battle with cancer in March, 2009. Rosario’s pioneering work on the optic nerve head (ONH) significantly advanced our understanding of glaucoma. Her open engagement and kind, encouraging ways touched and influenced the lives of so many us in the field. Rosario was born Santiago Chile where she received her DDS degree from the University of Chile Medical and Dental School. Although trained as a dentist, she was always interested in research, initially studying connective tissue in the jaw. She immigrated to the United States, joining the Departments of Anatomy and Medicine at New York Medical College, where her research interests turned to the eye. After returning to the U. Chile for several years, Rosario was recruited to Schepens Eye Research Institute in Boston, where her future husband Art Neufeld encouraged her to study the optic nerve head in glaucoma. Both Art and Rosario were recruited to the Department of Ophthalmology atWashington University in St. Louis, where their research careers continued to blossom. Four years ago, Rosario joined the Department of Ophthalmology as the George and Edwina Tarry Professor of Ophthalmology at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago (Fig. 1). Over the course of her career, Rosario made many significant contributions to glaucoma research. Her multidisciplinary research revolutionized our understanding of the normal and glaucomatous ONH. Rosario morphologically evaluated the ONH extracellular matrix and documented the extracellular matrix remodeling that occurs in the ONH in human glaucoma and non-human primate models of glaucoma. She then expanded her approach using cell and molecular biology to study the ONH. Her lab was the first to culture ONH astrocytes and lamina cribrosa cells, and she very clearly demonstrated the involvement of activated astrocytes in glaucomatous damage to the ONH. Recognizing that African Americans (AA) have a higher prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma and more severe disease, Rosario was also the first to
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science | 1998
Robert J. Wordinger; A.F. Clark; Rajnee Agarwal; Wendi Lambert; L. Mcnatt; S. E. Wilson; Z. Qu; B. K.-K. Fung
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science | 2006
W.–H. Wang; Loretta Mcnatt; Iok-Hou Pang; Peggy E. Hellberg; C.J. Millar; A.F. Clark
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science | 2008
Debra L. Fleenor; Iok-Hou Pang; A.F. Clark
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science | 2006
Robert J. Wordinger; Debra L. Fleenor; Peggy E. Hellberg; Iok-Hou Pang; T.O. Tovar; Gulab Zode; J. Fuller; A.F. Clark
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science | 1996
Robert J. Wordinger; A.F. Clark; Steven E. Wilson
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science | 2016
Steffi Daniel; Michael G. Anderson; Colleen M. McDowell; A.F. Clark
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science | 2010
Anirudh Sethi; Robert J. Wordinger; A.F. Clark
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science | 2009
Weiming Mao; Robert J. Wordinger; A.F. Clark