A. F. Santamaria

Multicast QoS Core-Based Tree Routing Protocol and Genetic Algorithm Over an HAP-Satellite Architecture

In this paper, a quality-of-service (QoS) multicast routing protocol, i.e., the core-based tree based on heuristic genetic algorithms (GAs), has been implemented and applied over a high-altitude platform (HAP)-satellite platform. The proposed multicast routing algorithm is called the constrained cost-bandwidth-delay GA (CCBD-GA). To achieve a better optimization of the multicast tree cost, a new algorithm called HULK-GA, which is based on the GA and on a proposed broadcast metric, has been developed. Finally, an algorithm called hybrid cost-bandwidth-delay GA has been proposed, taking into account both CCDB-GA and HULK-GA characteristics to obtain an overall algorithm that can consider QoS routing constraints and minimize the overall cost per link of the considered multicast tree. The joint bandwidth-delay metrics can be very useful in hybrid platforms such as the platform considered, because it is possible to take advantage of the single characteristics of the satellite and HAP segments. The HAP segment offers low propagation delay, permitting QoS constraints based on maximum end-to-end delay to be met. The satellite segment, instead, offers a larger footprint but higher propagation delay. The joint bandwidth-delay metric permits the traffic load to be balanced, respecting both QoS constraints.

Minimum Hop Count and Load Balancing Metrics Based on Ant Behavior over HAP Mesh

In this paper we propose a routing algorithm based on Swarm Intelligence studies. In particular, this algorithm is based on AntNet routing with the extensions of novel metrics for the multi-objective optimization, that are minimum hop count and traffic load balancing. In order to build an optimal solution, the proposed algorithm will make use of ANT agents that consist of probe packets sent on the HAPs network. We have chosen as reference network a HAPs mesh in order to get advantages of the dynamic characteristics of these platforms. In this work we perform a comparison of a classical shortest length path and our algorithm that will try to find the minimum hop path respecting a maximum end-to-end delay bound and an equally distribution of the traffic on the HAPs network.

Multiple metrics aware ant routing over HAP mesh networks

This paper describes a new routing algorithm over a network composed of a mesh of HAPs. It is based on ant colonies behavior. In order to explore the network the used model utilizes a particular type of packet, called ant packet, which is a simple software mobile agent that is useful for collecting info for the QoS routing problem. In particular, this proposed algorithm focuses on path length minimization and on traffic load distribution on the HAPs network.

Multi-Constraints Routing Algorithm Based on Swarm Intelligence over High Altitude Platforms

In this paper a new routing algorithm over a network composed of a mesh of Haps is described. The simulated network models two types of packets, data packets, which are the traditional information packets and ant packets, which are a simple software mobile agents that are useful for collecting info for the problem. In particular, this proposed algorithm focuses on path length minimization and on maximum end-to-end delay bound on the HAPs network.

Two Step Based QoS Scheduler for DVB-S2 Satellite System

The new DVB-S2 standard, introduced by ETSI, is mainly based on three key concepts: best transmission performance, total flexibility and reasonable receiver complexity. The Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) scheme is the tecnique allowing to achieve these main goals. In particular, this tecnique allows to adapt the modulation and code levels, performed at the physical layer, at channel variations in a dynamic way. However, often the others modules, composing a satellite terrestrial terminal, does not take advantage of the ACM potentiality. For this purpose, in this paper we propose an efficient packet scheduling strategy able to operate with the different MODCOD schemes of ACM. In particular, considering ACM policy, Frame efficiency and QoS requirements the scheduling strategy has the main goal of maximizing the overall performances of the system.

Multi-Mode DVB-RCS Satellite Terminal with Software Defined Radio

A multi-mode radio communication terminal is a tunable terminal for passing and/or receiving bands in at least two radio communication systems. In the last few years many research resources have been invested in the study of this new type of terminal. This study is intended for a multi-mode terminal is a terminal capable of communicating both with a bent-pipe satellite and with an on-board processor satellite. In the literature different technologies are presented and they can be used to realize the multi-mode capability of a terminal, but, the most suitable technology is the software defined radio (SDR). The SDR is a set of hardware and software technologies that allow one to obtain reconfigurable architectures for network and wireless terminals. The goal of this work is to plan a satellite system based on digital video broadcast with the return channel satellite (DVB-RCS) standard in which the return channel satellite terminals (RCSTs) are able to adapt to the channel state, configuring the transmission chain via software, respecting a certain quality of service (QoS) constraint on the packet error rate (PER).

Meta-Heuristics Methods for a NP-Complete Networking Problem

Multimedia communications and, in particular, multicast communications are widely used to distribute multimedia contents. When a certain quality of service (QoS) level must be guaranteed in the multicast tree construction then a Steiner tree problem is obtained, therefore a NP-complete problem must be faced. QoS multicast has a great relevance in the research community because it can offer high performances and better resource allocation. This is relevant in the modern networks, which are composed of wireless networks, wired networks, 3G-4G networks, delay tolerant networks and so on. A better resources allocation permits to have a greater number of connected users. In order to obtain these results it is important to have a multicast tree that can satisfy some QoS requirements. In this work two meta-heurist such as genetic algorithms and simulate annealing algorithms have been considered. Moreover, new procedures and new approaches are proposed in order to obtain better algorithms performances.

ANT Based Routing Algorithm over a HAP Network with Integrated Services

In this paper we propose a new method of performing equally distributed routing algorithm over a network composed of a mesh of High Altitude Platforms (HAPs), based on Swarm Intelligence studies. In particular, this proposed algorithm inherits some behavior of AntNet routing but with the extensions of novel metrics for the multi-objective optimization. In order to build an optimal solution, the proposed an algorithm will make use of ANT agents that consist of probe packets sent on the HAPs network that allow to find the optimization problem solution. In this work we perform a comparison of a classical Shortest Path Algorithm and our algorithm that will try to find the minimum hop path respecting a maximum end-to-end delay bound and an equally distribution of the traffic on the HAPs network.

Cooperative Video-Surveillance Framework in Internet of Things (IoT) Domain

In this chapter a cooperative heterogeneous system for an enhanced video-surveillance service will be presented. Edge and fog computing architectures make possible the realization of even more complex and distributed services. Moreover, the distribution of sensors and devices gives us the possibility to increase the knowledge of the monitored environments by exploiting Machine to Machine (M2M) communications protocols and their architectures. The rapid growth of IoT increased the number of the smart devices able to acquire, actuate and exchange information in a smart way. In this chapter, the main issues related to the design of an architecture for a smart cooperative video-surveillance system will be presented. The end-system shall exploit edge and fog computing for video-analytics services and communication protocols for cameras data exchange. Finally, all systems together realize a cooperative tracking among cameras that involves detection and tracking techniques to work jointly. At the end a detected anomaly can be followed among cameras generating alerting and notifying messages that will be sent to the designed human interaction system without explicit human interactions in the detection, tracking and system managing processes.

FER regression analysis of DS-UWB-based WPAN

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology is at present defined as any wireless transmission scheme that occupies a fractional bandwidth ges20%, or more than 500 MHz of absolute bandwidth. In this paper we have considered an UWB system, based on Direct Sequence - UWB (DS-UWB) proposal standard, in an indoor multipath environment modeled in accordance with IEEE 802.15 channel modeling subcommittee. Performance are evaluated in terms of frame error rate (FER) vs. transmitter-receiver distance and frame size and finally a polynomial regression analysis is carried out on simulation results in order to obtain a closed formula to describe, for different scenarios, the FER as a function of data rates, frame size and distance between transmitter and receiver.