A Giwercman

Scavenger receptor of class B expressed by osteoblastic cells are implicated in the uptake of cholesteryl ester and estradiol from LDL and HDL3.

Lipoproteins transport many vitamins and hormones that have been shown to be necessary for bone formation. However, the metabolism of LDL and HDL3 by bone‐forming osteoblastic cells remains unknown. Here we report that osteoblastic cells express scavenger receptors of class B that are implicated in the uptake of cholesterol and estradiol from LDL and HDL3.

Frailty in relation to variations in hormone levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in older men: results from the European male aging study.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the associations between frailty and reproductive axis hormones (as an important regulatory system) in middle aged and older men.

Frailty Is Associated with Impaired Quality of Life and Falls in Middle-Aged and Older European Men.

OBJECTIVESnAdapt a measure of frailty for use in a cohort study of European men and explore relationships with age, health related quality of life and falls.nnnDESIGNnLongitudinal cohort study.nnnSETTINGn8 European centers.nnnPARTICIPANTSn3047 men aged 40-79 participating in the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS).nnnMEASUREMENTSnFrailty was assessed using an adaptation of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. Health related quality of life was evaluated using the Rand Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire which comprises both mental and physical component scores. Self reported falls in the preceding 12 months were recorded at 2-year follow-up.nnnRESULTSn78 men (2.6%) were classified as frail (≥3 criteria) and 821 (26.9%) as prefrail (1-2 criteria). The prevalence of frailty increased from 0.1% in men aged 40-49 up to 6.8% in men aged 70-79. Compared to robust men, both prefrail and frail men had lower health related quality of life. Frailty was more strongly associated with the physical than mental subscales of the SF-36. Frailty was associated with higher risk of falls OR (95% CI) 2.92 (1.52, 5.59).nnnCONCLUSIONSnFrailty, assessed by the EMAS criteria, increased in prevalence with age and was related to poorer health related quality of life and higher risk of falls in middle-aged and older European men. These criteria may help to identify a vulnerable subset of older men.