A. H. El-Shazly

Investigation of the decolorization efficiency of two pin-to-plate corona discharge plasma system for industrial wastewater treatment

In this article, a dual pin-to-plate high-voltage corona discharge system is introduced to study experimentally the gap distance, the contact time, the effect of pin and plate materials, the thickness of ground plate and the conductivity on the amount of Acid Blue 25 dye color removal efficiency from polluted water. A study for the optimum air gap distance between dual pin and surface of Acid Blue 25 dye solution is carried out using 3D-EM simulator to find maximum electric field intensity at the tip of both pins. The outcomes display that the best gap for corona discharge is approximately 5 mm for 15-kV source. This separation is constant during the study of other factors. In addition, an investigation of the essential reactive species responsible for oxidation of the dye organic compounds (O3 in air discharge, O3 in water, and H2O2) during the experimental time is conducted. Three various materials such as: stainless steel, copper and aluminum are used for pins and plate. The maximum color removal efficiencies of Acid Blue 25 dyes are 99.03, 82.04, and 90.78% after treatment time 15 min for stainless steel, copper, and aluminum, respectively. Measurement results for the impact of thickness of an aluminum ground plate on color removal competence show color removal efficiencies of 86.3, 90.78, and 98.06% after treatment time 15 min for thicknesses of 2, 0.5, and 0.1 mm, respectively. The increasing of the solution conductivity leads to the reduction of decolorization efficiency. A kinetic model is used to define the performance of corona discharge system. The models of pseudo-zero-order, pseudo-first-order, and pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics are utilized to investigate the decolorization of Acid Blue 25 dye. The rate of degradation of Acid Blue 25 dye follows the pseudo-first-order kinetics in the dye concentration.

Decolorization of Acid blue 25 dye by non-thermal plasma advanced oxidation process for industrial wastewater treatment

In this paper a pin-to-plate high-voltage corona discharge system is designed to investigate experimentally for its effect on intensifying the rate of Acid blue 25 dye removal efficiency from industrial wastewater. An investigation for the optimal air gap distance between pin and surface of wastewater is carried out using 3D-EM simulator to satisfy maximum electric field intensity at the tip of the pin. The results show that the optimum distance for corona discharge is approximately 0.5 cm. The voltage and electric field distribution in the space between the high voltage and ground electrodes are concerned about present understanding of the mechanisms of corona discharge and ozone generation. A setup of a two pin-to-plate high-voltage corona discharge system has been designed and investigated experimentally for its effect on the removal of Acid blue 25 dye. Experimental measurements were carried out to determine the effect of different parameters such as con-tact time, agitation speed, gap distance between the high voltage and ground electrode, and materials of pin and plate on decoloration efficiency of the dye. The decolorization behavior using Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) non-thermal plasma exhibit 80% dye removal efficiency within 10min. The complete decolorization was achieved within 35min for different initial dye concentrations from 10 up to 100ppm. The influences of pin and plate material types on the treatment process were examined with three different materials: Aluminum, Copper and Stainless steel. The maximum decolorization efficiencies of Acid blue 25 dyes are 82.04%, 90.78%, and 99.03% after treatment time 15min for Copper, Aluminum, and Steel respectively on decolorization efficiency of Acid blue 25 dyes was examined.

Improving the Diffusion Controlled Cementation of Copper Ions on a Fixed Bed of Zinc Raschig Rings Using Flow Pulses in a Batch Reactor

This work investigates the possibility of improving the kinetics of the diffusion controlled cementation of copper on a fixed bed of zinc Raschig rings in a batch reactor by using flow pulses induced through the bed by a pulsating perforated disc. The kinetics of the cementation reaction was investigated under different conditions of initial concentration of copper ions, frequency and amplitude of oscillation (vibration velocity), zinc ring diameter, bed height and temperature. The effect of temperature was found to fit the Arrhenius equation with an activation energy of 5.5 kcal/mole which confirms the diffusion controlled nature of the reaction. A dimensionless correlation in the form that: Sh = 6.9 Re0.55 Sc0.33 (Pd/Bh)0.49 was deduced. Industrial application of the results obtained was discussed.

Impacts of different salts on the degradation of acid blue 25 dye using non-thermal plasma

The color removal performance using non-thermal plasma system (NTP) corona discharge type generated from high voltage pin-to-ground plate display 82% color clearing at 11min. The total complete color removal was accomplished within 28min. Likewise, various salts as KCl, NaCl, CaCl2 and AlCl3 was used for check the influence of the conductivity. The increasing of conductivity signs that the reduction in color removal efficiency. The discharge energy and degradation competence are computed at diverse concentration for NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and AlCl3. It was noticed that the salts compact the amount and the level of decolorization. In addition the investigated of the essential reactive species complicated in oxidation of dye organic compounds are O3 in treated water and H2O2. So the measurement for the energetic species that produced throughout the non-thermal plasma at the optimum operation time like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ozone (O3). The benefits from this work in designing the plasma systems appropriate for industrial wastewaters treatment.

Nanofiber Polyaniline and Polyaniline-Clay Nanocomposite Prepared via Sonochemical and Sol-Gel Techniques

Polyaniline (PANI) and polyaniline-clay (PANI-clay) composite nanostructured materials were prepared via both ultrasonic irradiation and sol-gel preparation techniques. The molecular structure of prepared PANI and PANI-clay composite samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The characterization results confirm the nanostructure of prepared samples. BET surface area results were obtained for the prepared matrices. TEM and SEM images showed the morphology of the fabricated nanomaterials.

Investigation of the decolorization efficiency of pin-to-plate corona discharge plasma system for industrial wastewater treatment

In this paper a pin-to-plate high-voltage corona discharge system is designed to investigate experimentally the impact of pin and plate materials, thickness of ground plate and different salt concentration on intensifying the rate of Acid blue 25 dye removal efficiency from industrial wastewater. An investigation for the optimal air gap distance between pin and surface of wastewater is carried out using 3D-EM simulator to satisfy maximum electric field intensity at the tip of the pin. The results show that the optimum distance for corona discharge is approximately 0.5 cm. This distance is fixed through the study of the effect of materials, thickness, and salt concentration of wastewater.

Evaluation of Surfactants on Thermo-Physical Properties of Magnesia-Oil Nanofluid

The prime purpose of the current study was to investigate the consequence of surfactant on the kinematic viscosity, thermal conductivity, and stability of MgO-oil based nanofluid. Magnesia (MgO) nanoparticles were prepared by the wet chemical method. Structural and morphological analysis of synthesized nanoparticles were performed via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). Subsequently, nanofluid was prepared at a solid concentration of 0.025% in presence of various surfactants with the aid of ultrasonic technique. The impact of the different surfactants (Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB), Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP), Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA), and Oleic Acid) on the nanofluid stability was tested. It was evident that CTAB and PVA surfactants establish the most stable prepared MgO-oil based nanofluid. The experiments revealed that the maximum UV–Vis absorbance of the solution corresponds to the dispersion of CTAB in the base fluid.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomagnetic Graphene via Co-Precipitation Technique with Aid of Ultrasound

Graphene nanoplates (GNPs) was immobilized with nanomagnetite using co-precipitation technique with the aid of ultrasound for the production of magnetic graphene nanoplate composite Fe3O4/G (MGNC) production. The physico-chemical properties of graphene were compared with the fabricated magnetic graphene composite using different characterization techniques. The crystalline and chemical structures of nanographene before and after magnetic immobilization were identified using X-Ray diffraction. The morphological structure of magnetic composite was identified by using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).it was carried out to investigate the precipitation of nanomagnetite onto the nanographene sheets. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) analysis of magnetic graphene composites confirms the presence of magnetic nanoparticles attached to nanographene. The Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) confirmed the superparamagnetic properties of the prepared composite that represented with its hysteresis curve, and the saturation moment per unit mass, Ms for the MGNCs is 22.7548 emu·g−1