A.K. Azad

Performance study of a diesel engine by first generation bio-fuel blends with fossil fuel: An experimental study

In this study, the performance of a direct injection diesel engine was investigated experimentally using 1st generation bio-fuel blends with fossil fuel like kerosene. The 1st generation bio-fuel (mustard oil) has been produced without trans-esterification reaction and blended with kerosene oil by volume in approximate percentages which have been named as M20, M30, M40, and M50. The properties of the bio-fuel blends were investigated by meeting the requirements of different ASTM standards. The variation trends of bio-fuel properties with temperature were investigated and compared with each other. Then a test engine (four stroke, single cylinder) mounted on a hydraulic dynamometer bed for testing several engine parameters like break specific fuel consumption, break house power, break mean effective pressure, exhaust gas temperature, lube oil temperature, sound level, etc. A comprehensive study were made for engine performance of different bio-diesel blends with kerosene and the engine performance of diesel...

Study on Australian energy policy, socio-economic, and environment issues

This article deals with the Australian total energy consumption related to economic growth and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in which total energy consumption is sub-divided into renewable and non-renewable energy consumption. The aim of this study is to determine the nexus between all energy elements with gross domestic product and CO2 emission using the Cobb-Douglas equation. The study is based on the Australian panel data over the period from 1976–1977 to 2012–2013. Vector error correction model and generalized method of moments were used to estimate the variables for the relationship between energy variables. The proposed model shows good agreement with the data available on the bioenergy production and consumption in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. In this model, oil price, oil consumption, carbon tax, renewable energy technology, population growth, urbanization, etc., have been considered as model variables or governing factors. The results show the bidirectional re...

A review on socio-economic aspects of sustainable biofuels

Biofuels are renewable eco-fuel, produced from biological resources. They are classified into 1st, 2nd and 3rd generations based on their feedstocks. The 2nd and 3rd generation biofuels are called advanced and sustainable biofuel. The study reviewed and discussed about socio-economic aspects of the sustainable biofuel in Australia because economy is seen to be a key driver for use of biofuels. Recent researches focused on sustainable biofuel production, their commercialisation worldwide. The world biofuel scenario is presented in this study which shows that total biofuel production is progressively moving towards advanced biofuels. Australian total biofuel production, consumption and available present production facilities are also outlined. The study briefly discussed about Australian energy economy such as energy export, import and trades etc. The study concluded that the 2nd generation biofuel can be considered as sustainable alternatives to petroleum fuel in transport sector providing great economic and environmental benefits to Australia.

Effect of first and second generation biodiesel blends on engine performance and emission

The biodiesel is a potential source of alternative fuel which can be used at different proportions with diesel fuel. This study experimentally investigated the effect of blend percentage on diesel engine performance and emission using first generation (soybean) and second generation (waste cooking) biodiesel. The characterization of the biodiesel was done according to ASTM and EN standards and compared with ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel. A multi-cylinder test bed engine coupled with electromagnetic dynamometer and 5 gas analyzer were used for engine performance and emission test. The investigation was made using B5, B10 and B15 blends for both biodiesels. The study found that brake power (BP) and brake torque (BT) slightly decreases and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) slightly increases with an increase in biodiesel blends ratio. Besides, a significant reduction in exhaust emissions (except NOx emission) was found for both biodiesels compared to ULSD. Soybean biodiesel showed better engine per...

Diesel engine performance and emission study using soybean biodiesel blends with fossil diesel

Biodiesel is an ecofriendly and renewable source of energy which can be used as a sustainable alternative fuel for diesel engine. The study investigated engine performance and emission using soybean biodiesel blends with fossil diesel. The physiochemical fuel properties of the biodiesel were determined using ASTM and EN standards. The biodiesel was blended in different proportions like 5% biodiesel and 95% diesel (by volume) denoted as B5, similarly B10, B20 and B50. The biodiesel blends were tested in a multicylinder, diesel engine coupled with electromagnetic dynamometer, under ISO 8178–4 test procedure. The study found that the biodiesel blends produce less brake power, brake torque and relatively higher brake-specific fuel consumption compared with diesel fuel. However, these fuels significantly reduce exhaust gases, namely, CO, CO2 and HC but emit a bit more NOx compared with diesel. The reduction in emissions were different for each biodiesel blend. The study concluded that both B5 and B10 blends are the optimum blends that produce more consistent and expected results compared with other blends.

Assessment of wind energy potential by Weibull distribution in isolated islands

In the study, the statistical fittings of wind speed distribution for isolated islands has been carried out. Ten years wind speed data has been collected from Bangladesh meteorological department. The data has been shorted in sequence of appropriate frequency like hourly, daily, monthly and annually mean wind speed. Two important parameters like Weibull shape factor “k” and Weibull scale factor “c” have been calculated by three methods such as Graphical method, Empirical method and Energy method. Accordingly, wind power density, availability factor and electrical energy output from the ideal turbine were assessed by using the Weibull parameters. From the analysis of the data the characteristics of wind pattern and potential of wind energy of the island has been carried out. Theoretical available power and practically extractable power by wind (watt/m2) have also been calculated. The proposed methodology can be used in any windy site to easily identify the potentiality of wind power.

Modeling and simulation of heat and mass flow by ASPEN HYSYS for petroleum refining process in field application

This chapter deals with the heat and mass transfer characteristics of petroleum fluid before decomposition into gasoline, kerosene, naphtha, diesel, etc. A convection–radiation heating furnace has been designed as a heating source of the petroleum fluid and different characteristics of the fluid in various processes of heating and cooling have been observed. The mass flow and phase-changing characteristics of the fluid have been modeled using the ASPEN-HYSYS 3.2 process simulator to investigate the behavior of the fluid. The utility supports and heat recovery units such as heat exchanger, preheater, cooler (water and air), buffer tanks, have been included in the model for the simulation. Optimization of the designated model has been carried out for practical application in petroleum oil distillation.

A Study on Energy and Environmental Management Techniques Used in Petroleum Process Industries

Petroleum process industries are one of the most energy- and emission-intensive sectors throughout the world. There are natural gas processing plant, crude oil and condensate fractionation plant, liquefied natural gas plant, liquefied petroleum gas plant, etc. that create environmental pollution by processing and handling of petroleum products. The study critically reviewed and discussed the energy and environmental management including pollution control of petroleum process industries of Bangladesh. They produce both gaseous (process gas, waste gas, etc.) and liquid (produced water, waste oil, grease, etc.) pollutants. The study found that the liquid pollutant like waste water is more hazardous and its treatment process is highly complicated due to its higher salinity, more corrosivity and grease-containing characteristics. As part of energy management, the rational use of energy and energy flow diagram of the petroleum industry is presented. Finally, a time frame measure which can be implemented in order to save energy is outlined. The study concluded that the rational use of energy and proper environmental management are essential for achieving energy and environmental sustainability of process industries.