A. K. Mathur

Effect of nickel sulphate on male rats.

SummaryCytopathological and histopathological changes in skin, liver, kidney and testis of rats due to nickel sulphate have been studied experimentally. Skin of nickel sulphate painted rats showed hyperkeratinization, vacuolization, hydropic degeneration of basal layer and atrophy of epidermis. The testis showed degeneration and oedema of seminiferous tubules, while liver showed areas of focal necrosis, congestion and dilatation of sinusoids.

Effect of sodium lauryl sulphate and nickel alone and in combination on the skin of guinea pigs

Guinea pig skin was treated with 50 mg/kg sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and nickel (Ni) alone and in combination (50 mg/kg SLS and 50 mg/kg Ni) for 7 and 14 days. Release of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, beta-glucuronidase, lactic dehydrogenase and malic dehydrogenase was observed, following treatment with SLS and Ni alone or in combination. Similarly, the skin contents of amino nitrogen and sulphydryl groups also increased significantly. These alterations were slightly more marked when the skin was treated simultaneously with the combination of SLS and Ni. The present study suggests that industrial workers or populations exposed simultaneously to SLS and Ni are more prone to dermal irritation or inflammation.

Surfactant-induced fluorescence changes in fluorescein dye

Addition of non‐ionic surfactants revealed changes in the visible absorbance and fluorescence characteristics of fluorescein dyes. Non‐ionic surfactants induced a shift in Δmax, towards shorter wavelengths along with a decrease in absorbance of the dye. On the other hand, addition of anionic surfactants induced a shift of Δmax, towards longer wavelengths along with enhancement in absorbance and fluorescence. The absorbance value decreased initially, but increased on further addition of cationic surfactant, whereas fluorescence increased initially but decreased on further addition of cationic surfactant. These changes are attributed to the interaction of surfactant micelle with dye molecules, resulting in change of the coloured quinoid form to the colourless lactone form and vice versa.

Effect of Dermal Exposure to Las Detergent and Hch Pesticide in Guinea Pigs: Biochemical and Histopathologic Changes in Liver and Kidney

AbstractThe effects of a detergent (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate [LAS]) and a pesticide (hexachlorocyclohexane [HCH]) after topical application in guinea pigs were studied by examination of the liver and kidney using biochemical and histopathologic techniques. The activities of some key enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione contents were found to be altered in the liver and kidney by LAS and HCH exposure. The concomitant exposure to these xenobiotics produced significant changes both biochemically and histologically, depending on the duration of exposure. The results of our study demonstrate that industrial and/or agricultural workers who are exposed to these two chemicals simultaneously may sustain damage of the liver and/or kidney.

Dermal toxicity of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate and nickel in guinea pigs

Guinea pigs were dermally exposed to linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) or nickel or in combination. In general, lipid peroxidation, histamine contents, acid phosphatase, β-glucuronidase, alkaline phosphatase, and glutathione-S-transferase showed elevations when exposed simultaneously to LAS and Ni. The Ni contents also increased in the skin. Histologically the skin revealed more hyperkeratinization and degenerative changes when it was exposed simultaneously to LAS and Ni.

Interaction of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and hexachlorocyclohexane in guinea pigs after dermal application

AbstractGuinea pigs were dermally exposed to linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), a detergent, and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), a pesticide, for 15 and 30 days. The exposure to these two xenobiotics individually resulted in elevations in the activities of some enzymes, such as acid and alkaline phosphatases, tyrosinase, and histidase. The exposure also resulted in elevations in lipid peroxidation, amino nitrogen, and sulfhydryl groups. Exposure to individual chemicals resulted in histologic damage to dermis and epidermis showing infiltration of inflammatory cells, sloughing of layers, and hyper-keratinization. The concomitant exposure showed more damage both biochemically and histopathologically, depending on the duration. The results show that industrial and/or agricultural workers exposed to these xenobiotics may experience skin damage.

Dermal Toxicity of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate and Quinalphos in Guinea Pigs

Abstract Guinea pigs were treated topically at dosage levels of 2.5 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg with linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and quinalphos alone and in combination daily for 30 days. In general, the activities of some enzymes, amino nitrogen, glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and histamine showed increases in skin, liver, and kidney. The animals exposed to high doses showed erythema, edema, and hair loss. The treated skin showed hyperkeratinization and infiltration of mononuclear cells, the liver showed hypertrophic hepatocytes, while the kidney showed tubular necrosis and atrophy of the glomerular capsules. The biochemical parameters and histopafhological changes were found to be dose dependent. The study suggests that workers and/or populations exposed simultaneously to the two chemicals are more prone to dermal toxicity.

Effects of Dermal Exposure to Paraphenylenediamine in Guinea Pigs

AbstractGuinea pigs were dermally exposed to the hairdye paraphenylenediamine (PPD) for 15 and 30 days to assess the effects on selected enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, and histamine content in the skin. The activities of acid phosphatase, glutathione-s-transferase, and tyrosinase were enhanced after application of PPD. The lipid peroxidation, histamine, and PPD content of skin also showed marked elevation following dermal exposure to the chemical.

Biochemical and Histopathologic Changes in Liver and Kidney of Guinea Pigs Following Dermal Exposure to Hexachlorophene

AbstractGuinea pigs were dermally exposed to 50 mg/kg hexachlorophene (HCP) for 7, 15, and 30 days. Enzymes including alanine and aspartate amino transaminases, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, β-glucuronidase, and lactic dehydrogenase showed significant increases in liver and kidney. Significant increases were observed in lipid peroxidation, while glutathione content decreased in liver and kidney. The activities of these enzymes also increased in the serum of HCP-exposed animals. On histologic examination the liver showed a moderate degree of congestion, fatty changes, degeneration, and necrosis of hepatocytes. In the kidney desquamation of epithelial cells in the convoluted tubules and foci of mononuclear inflammatory cells and congestion were observed. The biochemical and histopathologic changes were found to be dependent on the duration of exposure.