A. N. M. Khalil

Effect of Al2O3 nanolubrication with Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate (SDBS) on surface roughness and tool wear under MQL during turning of Ti-6AL-4T.

The application of coolant reduces the friction and heat generation, which affect the surface finish and tool life, during machining. Recently, nanolubricant opens a new ways of coolant strategy in machining operation. It is well known that suspended nanoparticles without surfactant in base oil tend to agglomerate after a period of time. This paper presents the effects of AEO3 nanolubricant with surfactant, Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate (SDBS) on surface roughness and tool wear during turning of titanium alloy, Ti-6AL-4T. The comparison of different coolant strategies, dry cutting, flooding, minimum quantity lubricant (MQL), nanolubricant with and without surfactant are also presented. The results showed that Al2O3 nanolubricant with surfactant, Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate (SDBS) under MQL exhibits low surface roughness and tool wear rate compared to others. This proved that the addition of surfactant not only improved nanolubricant stability but also machining performance.

An Initial Study of the Effect of Minimum Quantity Lubricant of SiO2 Nanoparticle with PEG on Surface Roughness during Milling of Mild Steel

This paper study the effect of minimum quantity lubricant of SiO2 nanoparticle with surfactant, PEG on surface roughness during machining of mild steel. The application of conventional cutting fluid leads to techno-environmental issue such as environmental pollution. Nanolubricant consists of suspended nanoparticles in based fluid. Nanolubricant with surfactant creates stability of the particles in the base fluid. The results indicate the application of minimum quantity lubricant of nanolubricant with surfactant during machining process lead to minimum usage of cutting fluid and better surface roughness.

Tensile behaviour of open hole flax/epoxy composites: Influence of fibre lay-up and drilling parameters

The present study reports on a systematic experimental test that evaluates the effect of drilling parameters on the open-hole tensile properties of flax fibre epoxy reinforced laminates. Additionally, three lay-up configurations of the flax fibre, namely, [0°/90°]6, [0°]6 and [±45°]6, were investigated and compared. The results demonstrated that the [0°]6 lay-up configuration was superior in terms of mechanical or tensile strength retention of the composites given an 8 mm hole. Conversely, damage due to delamination was not significant due to the changes in feed rate and cutting speed. This suggests that the drilling parameters were less sensitive towards the mechanical strength of the flax fibre composites with the drilled hole. The less severity of the delamination can be attributed to the high fracture toughness (high mode I critical strain energy release) of the flax fibre when compared with that of the synthetic fibre reinforced composite counterparts. The use of the step drill bit design also potentially contributes to the reduced severity of the delamination damage to the flax fibre composites.

Design of transplanting mechanism for system of rice intensification (SRI) transplanter in Kedah, Malaysia

There is a demand to develop transplanter specifically for system of rice intensification (SRI) cultivation in Malaysia. This SRI transplanter is different from conventional transplanter as it is required special requirements for transplanting. The work focused on transplanting mechanism design which can be later attached to SRI transplanter. The mechanical design was established using linkage mechanism, having a wheel that act as timing wheel that will control the distance between transplanted seedlings. The linkage mechanism also control the opening of the flapper that allow the seedling together with its nursery soil to be dropped, and control the stopper to prevent next seedling from sliding down the tray. The use of simple mechanism will have low cost for fabrication. The design was analysed using motion analysis software. Results show the design is perfectly good and can be fabricated without any problem. The animation successfully shows the perfect movement of the mechanism and transplanting process.

Optimization of Cutting Parameters for Surface Roughness under MQL, using Al2O3 Nanolubricant, during Turning of Inconel 718

Inconel 718 is a nickel-based alloy commonly used due to its excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures and its elevated corrosion resistance. This material however is difficult to machine due to the high temperature generated during machining, which requires efficient lubrication system. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique is a more efficient and a more environmentally friendly alternative to conventional flooding lubrication technique. The efficiency and efficacy of this lubrication technique can be further enhanced by adding nano particles and surfactant into the base lubricant. There are currently limited number of studies on the application of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique using nanolubricant with added surfactant in the machining of hard-to-machine materials such as Inconel 718. Consequently, this paper aims to optimize the cutting parameters for surface roughness under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) condition using surfactant-added Al2O3 nanolubricant during the turning of Inconel 718. The effects of cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate and their two-way interactions on surface roughness are investigated on the basis of the standard Taguchis L9 orthogonal array (OA) design of experiment and the results are assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal to noise (S/N) ratio methods to determine the optimal cutting parameter settings as well as the level of significance of the cutting parameters. The optimal surface finish can be observed at the cutting speed of 70 m/min, depth of cut of 0.05 mm and feed rate of 0.05 mm/rev with feed rate being the most significant factor to affect surface finish. Through this study, the application of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique using surfactant-added Al2O3 nanolubricant, has been shown to produce desirable surface finish quality on Inconel 718 with additional economic and ecological benefits.

Design and development of a freezer and chiller delivery box

This paper presents an action research of designed and fabricated using well insulating materials in order to ensure the coolness inside the freezer and chiller delivery box is as good minimize temperature raised. The main purpose of this study is to develop freeze and chiller delivery box that will be able to keep fresh meat during travelling long delivery. A range of freeze and chill solutions exists for that must be kept within a specific temperature range throughout the supply-and-distribution chain. This will help to minimize the activeness of bacteria to spoil the meats, at the same time it can linger the duration for meats to spoil. All affecting parameter such as temperature inside the delivery box, heat transfer rate, and natural convection flow pattern has been studied to design and development of the delivery box. Finally, temperature distribution analysis has been conducted which showed that in operating condition inside temperature are suitable to keep the fresh meats condition.

Machining Performance Study of a New Palm Oil Based Bio-Product Industrial Wax

Machining can be performed on virtually all solid materials even though the term commonly applies to the cutting of metals, alloys, plastics and woods. Machining is a mechanical process where excess material from a work piece can be removed by cutting action to produce a part of specified geometrical shape and surface finish. In this research we will analyze and investigate whether there is a possibility to use the palm oil based bio wax material for machining applications. At the moment different ferrous, non-ferrous materials and industrial blue wax have been used for prototype models, training purpose by different industries, educational and training organizations. However the price of such material is very expensive. Hence an attempt is made to substitute these material by the palm oil based bio wax produced in Malaysia. With it, engineers can generate prototype to evaluate even minor design changes without breaking the budget. To the best of researcher’s knowledge, no previous work has been carried out nationally or worldwide on the use of palm oil based bio wax material in the manufacture of a strong industrial wax. This research work gives the approaches taken in this direction.