A. P. Maryshev

Observation of slow dynamics effects in nonconsolidated media under in situ conditions

Reactions of an unconsolidated medium to a strong impact action are considered. A character of medium relaxation was controlled based on changes in the phase velocity of a trial Rayleigh wave. The analysis of the R-wave dispersion and its dependence on the distance to the source allowed for estimating the dimensions of a space region where the impact action was revealed. Seismoacoustic measurements showed that the time dependence of the R-wave is logarithmic.

Diagnostics of the acoustic properties of unconsolidated media under natural conditions

Results of experimental studies carried out at the Bezvodnoe test area in 2005 and 2006 are presented. The goal of the studies is to investigate the potentialities of vibration diagnostics of the surface layers of soil under natural conditions. The most attention is given to the problem of measuring the shear modulus of soil and determining the power of seismic acoustic radiation with the help of an impedance method. The results obtained testify to the high sensitivity of the impedance method soil diagnostics and to the possibility of monitoring the variations of soil properties. Sources of nonlinear distortions and the problem of stability of radiation characteristics are also considered. A comparison with theoretical estimates is performed. It confirmed a special role of the contact region as the major source of radiation signal distortions. The results of the study are important for seismoacoustic investigation of the structure of natural media under natural conditions.

In situ estimation of crack concentration in hard rock

Results of a 2004 field experiment aimed at determining the quadratic nonlinearity parameter in granite that forms the shore of the Ladoga lake are presented. The measurements were based on the observation of the nonlinear interaction between monochromatic waves excited by two hydroacoustic radiators of 1 kW each positioned near the shore. The initial level of nonlinear distortions was much lower than the level of the received difference-frequency signal. The quadratic nonlinearity parameter proved to be higher than that reported in the majority of publications. An assumption was put forward that the high nonlinearity of granite is caused by the high concentration of cracks in it. Pieces of rock were taken from the measurement site, and rectangular samples were prepared from them. The samples were studied by the acoustic spectroscopy method in laboratory conditions. As a result, estimates of crack concentration were obtained, which proved to be consistent with the field measurements of the quadratic nonlinearity parameter. Thus, the possibility of estimating the crack concentration in situ from the measurements of the quadratic nonlinearity parameter was demonstrated.

Application of hydroacoustic radiators for the generation of seismic waves

To excite seismic waves with a high coherence, powerful hydroacoustic radiators placed in a natural reservoir were used. Theoretical estimates and the test data demonstrate a high efficiency of the proposed method of seismic wave excitation. The calculations are in good agreement with the results of measurements. The results of phasing the radiation with the use of two monopole sources separated by a quarter-wave distance are presented. It is shown that the use of the proposed scheme of excitation makes it possible to control the radiation pattern while obtaining a high coherence of seismic waves.

A high-power intrawell radiator of shear waves for coherent seismoacoustics

A brief review of investigations in the field of coherent seismoacoustics is presented, and the general requirements for seismoacoustic wave radiators intended for solving problems of remote sounding are formulated. The principle of operation of a novel high-power radiator created at the Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, for generating low-frequency seismic waves is described, and the results of the analytical and numerical modeling of this radiator are presented. The main element of the radiator is a piezoelectric cylinder executing bending vibrations in a well filled with water. The concept of sectioning the radiating cylinder for increasing the efficiency of excitation of various radiator modes and improving the matching the radiator with the medium is formulated. The results of the field measurements of the space-time structure of the seismic field generated by the sectioned radiator are presented. On the basis of these measurements, estimates of the power, efficiency, and quality factor of the radiator are obtained.

Seismoacoustic survey of artificial inhomogeneities in the ground

The results of processing the field test data obtained for the seismoacoustic system designed at the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the visualization of underground engineering structures are presented. The described experiment is the first demonstration of the use of a high-power, high-stability transmitting-receiving system for producing a coherent insonification with a frequency of 195 Hz. The receiving element of the system is a synthetic aperture array. With the use of focusing as a method of the final signal processing, an image of a tunnel lying at a depth of 30 m is obtained in three spatial cross-sections, which demonstrates the possibility of a three-dimensional, coherent, high-frequency seismic survey of engineering structures.

Application of a mobile seismoacoustic system for studying geological structure and prospecting for inhomogeneities to a depth of 100 m

The results of a practical evaluation of a mobile seismoacoustic system intended for the search for underground engineering structures and their imaging are presented. The system was designed at the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and consists of an electrodynamic radiator of seismoacoustic waves that operates in the frequency range 200–800 Hz, an array of receivers, and a computer-based control unit. The signal is controlled digitally, which allows the system to store up to 103 realizations. The signal is received by high-sensitivity seismic sensors, amplified by low-noise amplifiers, supplied to a 16-channel A/D converter, and displayed on the computer monitor. The system was used in a field experiment to determine the location of an antilandslide drainage adit.