A. Paul Hare

Theories of Group Development and Categories for Interaction Analysis

Although some interest in the stages of group development can be traced in the writings of behavioral scientists in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s (see Coyle, 1930), the first studies which caught the attention of a number of group observers, leaders, and therapists were the works of Bales (1950) and Bion in 1948-1951 (see Bion, 1961). Their work, along with that of about fifty others, was summarized by Tuckman (1965) in the first major review of studies of group development. He reviewed studies drawn from four somewhat distinct fields: therapy groups, training groups (i.e., educational groups conducted with a nondirective leader in

THEODORE M. MILLS. The Sociology of Small Groups. Pp. viii, 136. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967.

idealism, as a consequence of organizational experience, is important for both social science and social policy. Niederhoffer is correct in insisting that cynicism among police, where it involves abandonment of the core ideals of the job, is socially a serious matter. This image of a moral core to police work is reflected in the observations of others. Thus, this reviewer and Albert J. Reiss, Jr. refer to the significance of occupational honor (&dquo;Command, Control and Charisma: Reflections on Police Bureaucracy,&dquo; American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 72, July 1966, pp. 68-76). Jerome H. Skolnick refers to similar concerns when discussing police commitment to norms of legality (Justice without Trial: Law Enforcement in Democratic Society, 1966). The cynicism questionnaire and the results of its use are presented in detail in an appendix, which is in many ways the most useful and thought-provoking part of the book. The detailed presentation of results enables the reader to speculate about causes and consequences. As the author partly recognized, at least two quite different &dquo;kinds&dquo; of cynicism are included-cynicism about basic police ideals of service, protection, and legality and cynicism about personal career prospects and the way the department is run. An important next step would be to relate the two more fruitfully than is done here. The basic question after all is what are the organizational conditions under which the legal and service ideals of police work prosper? DAVID J. BORDUA Professor of Sociology University of Illinois

4.50:

is no important power in the town. Hawley and Zimmer in &dquo;Resistance to Unification in a Metropolitan Community&dquo; point out that on rational grounds there is every reason why the Flint metropolitan region ought to be consolidated under a single government and dozens of reasons why it is not. This state of affairs is caused by ignorance, and might be rectified by more education. Greer’s &dquo;Dilemmas of Action Research on the Metropolitan Problem&dquo; reports a rather disillusioning experience on a

SIDNEY VERBA. Small Groups and Political Behavior: A Study of Leadership. Pp. xii, 273. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1961.

333,000 project designed to help St. Louis solve its municipal problems and concludes that before engaging in action research we have to ask: What is the existing state of things? and how does it work? The last essay, which describes an election contest in Norway, and the reviews, which deal with legal studies on the Tiv and the Barotse by Bohannan and Gluckman, lend the book an international flavor, but do not fit its pattern and will not be summarized here. Most of the conclusions impress me as being quite trite, especially in the light of the elaborate research apparatus employed to arrive at them. There is no indication that these behavioral scientists have done any more than rediscover vari-