A Rahman

Experience from community based childhood burn prevention programme in Bangladesh: Implication for low resource setting

A comprehensive community-based burn prevention framework was developed for rural Bangladesh taking into consideration the magnitude, consequences of burns, risk factors of childhood burn, health seeking behaviour of parents after a burn injury of a child and the perception of community people. This paper explains the comprehensive framework of the childhood burn prevention programme and describes its acceptability, feasibility and sustainability. A number of methodologies were adopted in developing the framework, such as, (i) building up relevant information on childhood burn and prevention methods, (ii) arranging workshops and consultation meetings with experts and related stakeholders and (iii) piloting components of the framework on a small scale. Lack of supervision of the children, hazardous environment at home and the low level awareness about childhood burn and other injuries were identified as the major attributes of childhood burn in Bangladesh. To address these factors Triple S strategies were identified for the prevention framework. These strategies are: Safe environment. Supervision. Skill development. According to these strategies, home safety, community crèche, school safety, formation of community groups and general awareness activities were identified as the different components of the childhood burn prevention framework in rural Bangladesh. The framework was piloted in a small scale to explore its feasibility acceptability and sustainability. The framework was found to be acceptable by the community. It is also expected to be feasible and sustainable as very low cost and locally available technology and resources were utilized in the framework. Large scale piloting is necessary to explore its effectiveness and ability to scale up all over the whole country.

Determination of Serum Antioxidant Vitamins, Glutathione and MDA Levels in Panic Disorder Patients

There are sufficient experimental evidences to establish the relationship between the elevated level of malondealdehyde (MDA)-the lipid peroxidation product and depleted level of antioxidants (Vitamin A, E, C and glutathione) in several psychiatric disorders. But previously no study was carried out to determine these components in panic disorder (PD) patients of Bangladesh. This study was conducted to assess the serum concentration of antioxidant vitamins, MDA and glutathione in 54 panic disorder patients and 52 healthy volunteers. Patients were recruited from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh by random sampling. Serum level of MDA, glutathione and vitamin C were determined by UV spectrophotometric method whereas Vitamins A and E were detected by RP-HPLC method. Data were analyzed by independent t test and Pearsons correlation analysis. It had been found that the PD patients had low level of antioxidants like vitamin A (p=0.041) and vitamin E (p=0.018) than the healthy controls whereas the change of vitamin C is not significant. It had been found that the MDA content was significantly higher (p<0.05) in PD patients than that of controls. There was no significant difference for the glutathione content between the 2 groups. Pearsons correlation coefficient suggested that there were significant negative correlation between the glutathione level and vitamin C (p=0.013) and a positive correlation between the vitamin E and vitamin A (p=0.020) in patient group. Our study reveals that panic disorder patients have considerably higher level of MDA, lower level of antioxidant vitamins and glutathione than the healthy control subjects.

Terahertz Spectroscopic Analysis and Multispectral Imaging of EpitaxiallyGrown Semiconductors with Nanometer Resolution

Terahertz spectral analysis has been conducted on epitaxially grown semiconductor structures. Epitaxially grown semiconductors are important for microelectronic and optoelectronic devices and also for integrated circuits fabricated using semiconductors. In this paper, we report results of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of grown SiGe layers on Ge buffer and separately a Ge buffer that was grown on a Si wafer. In particular, evolution of the time-domain spectra as a function of thickness of both samples was investigated by the terahertz pump-probe technique. Representative spectra were analyzed to determine the respective layers’ spectral signatures. It was found that the spectroscopic analysis uniquely identified different layers by characteristic absorbance peaks. In addition, terahertz imaging was conducted in a non-destructive, non-contact mode for detecting lattice stacking fault and dislocations. Sub-surface imaging of grown SiGe layers on Ge buffer and that of the Ge buffer grown on a Si wafer reveals interesting lattice features in both samples. A comparison with TEM images of the samples exhibits that the terahertz image reproduces the dimensions found from TEM images within the experimental error limits. In particular, 3D images of both samples were generated by the terahertz reconstructive technique. The images were analyzed by graphical means to determine the respective layer thicknesses. Thus, this technique offers a versatile tool for both semiconductor research and in-line inspections.

Engineering dendrimers to produce dendrimer dipole excitation based terahertz radiation sources suitable for spectrometry, molecular and biomedical imaging

Two critical nanoscale design parameters (CNDPs); namely, surface chemistry and interior compositions of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers were systematically engineered to produce unique hyperpolarizable, electro-optical substrates. These electro-optically active dendritic films were demonstrated to produce high quality, continuous wave terahertz radiation when exposed to a suitable pump laser that could be used for spectrometry and molecular imaging. These dendrimer based dipole excitation (DDE) terahertz sources were used to construct a working spectrometer suitable for many practical applications including THz imaging and analysis of encapsulated hydrogen species in fullerenes.

EXPERIENCE FROM COMMUNITY BASED CHILDHOOD BURN PREVENTION PROGRAMME IN BANGLADESH: IMPLICATION FOR LOW RESOURCE SETTING

A comprehensive community-based burn prevention framework was developed for rural Bangladesh taking into consideration the magnitude, consequences of burns, risk factors of childhood burn, health seeking behaviour of parents after a burn injury of a child and the perception of community people. This paper explains the comprehensive framework of the childhood burn prevention programme and describes its acceptability, feasibility and sustainability. A number of methodologies were adopted in developing the framework, such as, (i) building up relevant information on childhood burn and prevention methods, (ii) arranging workshops and consultation meetings with experts and related stakeholders and (iii) piloting components of the framework on a small scale. Lack of supervision of the children, hazardous environment at home and the low level awareness about childhood burn and other injuries were identified as the major attributes of childhood burn in Bangladesh. To address these factors ‘Triple S’ strategies were identified for the prevention framework. These strategies are: • Safe environment. • Supervision. • Skill development. According to these strategies, home safety, community crèche, school safety, formation of community groups and general awareness activities were identified as the different components of the childhood burn prevention framework in rural Bangladesh. The framework was piloted in a small scale to explore its feasibility acceptability and sustainability. It was found to be acceptable by the community. It is also expected to be feasible and sustainable as very low cost and locally available technology and resources were utilised. Large scale piloting is necessary to explore its effectiveness and ability to scale up all over the country.

Prediction of Reperfusion and Infarct Related Artery Patency after Thrombolysis in Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction by Degree of P Wave Dispersion on ECG

Background: Early detection IRA patency following thrombolytic therapy is of great importance in terms of prognosis and identification of candidates for rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). P wave dispersion (PWD), a new parameter measured before and after thrombolytic therapy is supposed to predict successful reperfusion in patients with anterior acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: 132 patients were selected and divided into two groups on the basis of ST Segment resolution (STR) after 120 minutes of thrombolysis. Group I: patients with STR >70%; Group II: patients with STR < 70%. P wave dispersion was measured in both groups before and after thrombolysis. All patients underwent coronary angiography (CAG). IRA was considered patent if TIMI flow grade was e”2. Results: It was observed that diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were significantly higher in group II patients (p=0.04 and p=0.03, respectively). PWD before thrombolysis (PWD0) and 90 minutes after thrombolysis (PWD90) in both groups were statistically insignificant (p=0.45 and p=0.19, respectively). The mean level of PWD120 was statistically significant (p=0.001). After multivariate regression analysis PWD120 was found to be the significant predictor of IRA patency (OR = 1.101; 95% CI = 1.012 – 1.240; p = 0.01). Conclusion : P wave dispersion in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy can be a predictor of successful reperfusion and patent IRA. PWD values, in combination with other reperfusion parameters, can contribute to the identification of rescue PCI candidates. Cardiovasc. j. 2018; 10(2): 158-163

Prediction of Reperfusion and Infarct-Related Artery Patency after Thrombolysis in Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction by Degree of P Wave Dispersion on ECG

Background : The prognosis of patients with persistent occlusion of the infarct related artery (IRA), despite lytic therapy is poor. Early detection of successful reperfusion and IRA patency is of great importance in terms of prognosis and identification of candidates for rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). P wave dispersion (PWD), a new parameter measured before and after fibrinolytic therapy (FT) is supposed to predict successful reperfusion in patients with anterior acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Objectives : To examine the prediction of successful reperfusion and infarct related artery (IRA) patency by measuring P wave dispersion in 12-lead surface ECG. Method :132 patients were selected and divided into two groups on the basis of ST segment resolution (STR) after 120 minutes of thrombolysis. Group I: patients with STR >70%; Group II: patients with STR 2. Results : Mean age of the successfully thrombolysed group was 49.12±9.54 and mean age of failedthrombolysis group was 52.08±8.23 years. Though higher age was associated with failed thrombolysis and it was statistically insignificant (p=0.06). Patients with higher BMI showed no significant difference in thrombolysis. It was observed that diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were significantly higher in group II patients (p=0.04 and p=0.03, respectively). The mean level of PWD after 120 minutes of thrombolysis (PWD120) was statistically significant (p=0.001) between two groups. After multivariate regression analysis PWD120 was found to be the significant predictor of ST segment resolution as well as IRA patency (OR = 1.101; 95% CI = 1.012 – 1.240; p = 0.01). Conclusion : P wave dispersion (PWD) in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy can be a predictor of successful reperfusion and patent infarct related artery (IRA). PWD values, in combination with other reperfusion parameters, can contribute to the identification of rescue PCI candidates. Bangladesh Heart Journal 2017; 32(2) : 100-105

P1-174 Epidemiology of non-fatal machine injury in Bangladesh

Objective To examine the incidence and characteristics of non-fatal machine injury in Bangladesh. Methods A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and December 2003 in Bangladesh. Nationally representative data were collected from 171u2008366 rural and urban households, with a total sample size of 819u2008429. Results The incidence of non-fatal machine injury was 41.1 per 100u2008000 per year. The rate was 6.95 times higher in Male than in females. Those who are age 15 to 19u2005years are most vulnerable groups than those of others. Rural people were at more than 2.15 times higher risk of machine injury than urban people. The average number of workdays lost was 262.57 (SD 419.741). The average duration of assistance required in daily living activities was 70.47u2005days (SD 227.324) days. The hospitalisation rate was 20.87 per 100u2008000 population per year. The mean duration of hospital stay was 18.49u2005days. The rate of permanent disability was 6.71 per 100u2008000 population-years. Conclusion Machine injury is one of the major causes of morbidity, disability and workday loss Bangladeshi population. Adolescent workers are at highest risk. Factory and agricultural sector are the most common place of machine injury. Home is also third common place for machine related injury. To reduce this devastating health issue, a national strategy and Programme for machine injury prevention must be developed.

P1-86 Epidemiology of childhood road traffic injury: in Bangladesh yield of the largest community based survey

Introduction Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity, disability and mortality in low income countries. 93% of child road deaths occur in low and middle income countries. Good data are needed to raise awareness of the scale of the problem and to develop and target injury prevention programmes. Objective Investigate the magnitude of and risk factors for childhood RTIs in Bangladesh. Methodology A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the current childhood road traffic injury situation in Bangladesh. Face-to-face interviews were used. Multi stage cluster sampling was used to select the sample. Result Nationally representative data were collected from 171u2008366 rural and urban households. In the sampled households 351u2008651 children aged 0–17u2005years were identified; 178u2008285 were males and 173u2008366 females. The rate of non-fatal RTI among children under 18u2005years of age was calculated as 186.55 per 100u2008000 child-year. The highest incidence (216.06/100u2008000 child-year) was found among the 5–9u2005years age group. Among the total children with non-fatal RTI 75.3% were male and 24.7% were female. The incidence of childhood RTI was found to be three times higher in rural children than urban children. Most of the childhood RTIs were pedestrian injuries. The rate of fatal RTI was 5.97 per 100u2008000 per year among all children. Conclusion The study has confirmed that childhood RTI is a major public health problem in Bangladesh particularly in rural areas. An appropriate prevention programme is urgently required to prevent fatal and nonfatal RTIs in rural areas.

SP6-62 “PRECISE-a model of community participation in child injury prevention in Bangladesh, implication for other low income country”

Introduction Community participation is an important component of a community based health intervention especially in designing, implementing and sustainability issue. A model of community participation was developed and practiced in child injury prevention project PRECISE (Prevention of Child Injury through Social Intervention) in Bangladesh. Objective To describe the process of development and role of community groups in injury prevention project in Bangladesh. Methods Behavioral change issues act as a major factor in injury prevention initiatives so community participation was identified as one of the guiding principle in PRECISE. Village was identified as unit for developing a community group in PRECISE. Prior to develop group 100 people were invited in a meeting; magnitude and consequences of injury and prevention issues were discussed. Discussion also took place how the community people can contribute in injury prevention. After that a 7–10 members Village Injury Prevention committee (VIPC) was formed by the community people. All of the members voluntarily expressed their interest to work for community. Results 389 VIPC formed and each of the committee has 30% is female representative. Committee members meet in every month to reviewing present functional status and previous month implementation status of injury prevention initiatives in their village. In the meeting they identify their individual and group responsibilities and set plan of action accordingly. PRECISE has a regular program for the capacity development of the members. Conclusion PRECISE was found as an effective child injury prevention program in Bangladesh and community participation have a significant contribution in this program.