A. S. Abdellatif

Low-Cost and High-Efficiency Multibeam Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications

This letter discusses the design and fabrication of a novel fully dielectric five-beam annular grating antenna. The proposed all-silicon genetically optimized antenna works at 77 GHz with a radiation efficiency of 91% and a bandwidth of 5 GHz. The antenna has the advantages of low-cost, planar structure, and ease of fabrication and integration in silicon-platform.

Low Loss, Wideband, and Compact CPW-Based Phase Shifter for Millimeter-Wave Applications

This paper proposes a compact, low-loss, and low cost phase shifter for millimeter-wave phased array systems. The basic idea is to modify the propagation mode of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) by placing a high dielectric constant (40 <; εr <; 170) slab on top of it. The phase shift is varied by changing the air gap between the CPW line and the dielectric slab. A piezoelectric transducer has been used to control this air gap precisely. For fast but accurate modeling of the proposed phase shifter, two methods one based on spectral domain analysis and the other based on the conformal mapping have been developed and verified with full wave simulations and measurements. A prototype structure with the operational frequency range from 20 to 40 GHz is presented. The maximum phase shift obtained for the electrically controlled version at 40 GHz is 103 ° with loss variation of 0.2 dB. The total length is 2 mm.

Low insertion loss variable phase shifter for emerging millimeter-wave communication systems

This paper proposes a compact, low-loss, and low cost phase shifter for mmWave applications. The basic idea is perturbing the propagation constant of a CPW line by its loading with a high dielectric constant BLT ceramic. The phase shift is sensitive to the air gap between the CPW and the BLT sample. For a sample with a length of 3mm, a phase shift of 170° at 30GHz is obtained while the average insertion loss is less than 1.45dB with a variation of 1.1dB for the full range of phase shifts.

Novel low cost compact phased array antenna for millimeter-wave 3D beam scanning applications

A novel 3D scanning antenna is presented for 5G mobile wireless communication applications. The proposed antenna employs 8 phase shifters for a 16-element phased array. It provides a 3D scanning window of Phi from 165° to 200° and from 245 ° to 270 ° while Theta can go up to 20 °. The size of the antenna including the feeding network is 2.5cm × 2.5cm. The Antenna gain is 16.5dB at 30GHz, and the gain variation is less than 1dB over the scanning window.

A low-cost silicon-based beam-steering grating antenna for G-band applications

This paper presents a Dielectric Image Guide (DIG) beam-steering antenna for operating at G-band. The antenna, which is made of High Resistive Silicon (HRS), is essentially a leaky wave antenna with uniform grating on top. A very accurate, fast, and low-cost laser fabrication process is developed and used for the proposed structure. The radiation mechanism is investigated using full-wave electromagnetic simulations. The antenna provides a frequency-scanning capability up to 20° over the frequency range between 153-165 GHz. The optimized antenna achieves radiation efficiency better than 94% and max gain of 14.2 dBi, which drops only 0.5 dB all over the beam scanning range. The antenna return loss is better than 10 dB over the scanning range.

Low cost low loss waveguide-fed patch antenna array for automotive radar system

This paper presents a low cost high gain patch antenna array for automotive radar applications. A compact wide band (9.6GHz) low loss (0.5dB at 79GHz) micro-strip line to waveguide transition is also proposed for the antenna testing. The proposed antenna has a measured gain of 14.5dBi at 79GHz. The proposed antenna (including the transition) has been fabricated using a single dielectric layer PCB process with a total length of 35mm.

A Terahertz high-efficiency on-chip antenna

Novel high efficiency Terahertz on-chip antenna is presented. The proposed antenna is based on IHP SiGe process SG13G2. We use the SiO2 layer as a low-loss substrate. The antenna structure is shielded from the lossy bulk of the chip with a rectangular ground. The antenna has a simulated gain of 2.25dBi at 710GHz and radiation efficiency of 31%.

Millimeter-wave high gain parasitic tapered antenna made of high-resistivity silicon image-guide

A novel high gain dielectric tapered antenna, operating at the W-band, is presented. The image-guide antenna is made of high-resistivity Silicon. Two short parasitic tapered elements are used to increase the antenna gain and to reduce the side-lobe levels. A Laser cutting technique is tuned for the fabrication of the prototype antenna. The results show a return loss better than 22 dB at 90 GHz. The simulated gain is around 13.1 dBi and the radiation efficiency is 97%.

Low-cost fabrication of millimeter-wave all-silicon high efficiency antenna

A fabrication process of high-efficiency low-cost all silicon antenna at the millimeter wave range of frequency is presented. The antenna fabrication is a multi-level deep reactive ion etching process of a high resistivity intrinsic silicon wafer. The new process provides a silicon-platform for integrated planar antenna. A fabricated antenna with two level of Si was tested at 77GHz with an efficiency of 91% using the proposed fabrication process.

Interconnects Parasitic Extraction using natural optimization techniques

Three new Genetic Algorithm (GA) approaches and four new Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approaches are proposed and used to solve a Curve fitting problem for Parasitic Extraction Macro-modeling application. For GA, the first proposed approach, Diagonal GA (DGA); is based on replacing the traditional random population initialization method with a deterministic diagonal-like one. The second proposed approach, Elite Condensation GA (ECGA); is based on fine-tuning the GA by explicitly condensing the population around a number of elite individuals. The third proposed approach, ECGA2, is a modified version of ECGA; that chooses elite members among all the population in each generation, then it divides the population into a number of sub-populations where each sub-population is composed of a single elite and a condensed population around it. Then, it performs GA operations on each of those sub-populations separately before merging them all into one population and keep repeating that divide-merging sequence. For PSO, in the first proposed approach, Wiggling PSO (WPSO); we enforce the particles to vibrate in their motion towards the best position -instead of straight motion- to enlarge the scanning area. The second approach, Incrementally Social PSO (ISPSO); is utilizing a variable weight for the social term (xg-x). This variability enables changing the social relationship between the particles from highly repulsive to highly attractive. Finally, we proposed a new Control inspired approach, PID-PSO, where we dealt with the PSO motion as a process that needs a controller to be optimized. It is quite common to use PSO to tune PID parameters but in this context we used PID to tune PSO motion. Eventually, we have mixed PID and ISPSO in a certain proposal which resulted in the best performance over the rest of methods. The performances of these seven proposed approaches were measured on an extensive real data sets provided by Mentor Graphics and used along with the understanding of the physical problem to offer various explanations of the theoretical aspects of the new extensions.