A.S. Ibraheam

A novel quinternary alloy (Cu2Zn1−xCdxSnS4) nanostructured sensor for biomedical diagnosis

A new quinternary alloy (Cu2Zn1−xCdxSnS4) nanostructure with different proportions of cadmium (Cd) was synthesised using spin coating technique on oxidized silicon (100) substrate and analysed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL). The XRD peaks were shifted towards the lower angle side with increasing Cd concentrations. A shift of PL band gap from 1.79 eV (x = 0) to 1.69 eV (x = 1) was observed. We attributed this phenomenon to the phase transition from kesterite to stannite phase in the series of Cu2Zn1−xCdxSnS4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) quinternary alloy nanostructures. Further, the generated novel structure was found to be more suitable for biomedical diagnosis, as evidenced by dengue serotype-2 detection with higher specificity. The biosensor shown with quinternary alloy nanostructure could attain the sensitivity to 100 fM and able to discriminate specific DNA from dengue against single and triple mis-match sequences. The biosensor demonstrated here with a novel Cu2Zn1−xCdxSnS4 quinternary alloy nanostructure opens the way for developing high-performance biosensors.

Effect of Cadmium Concentration on Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Cu2Zn1−xCdxSnS4 Quinternary Alloy Nanofibres, Synthesized by Electrospinning Technique

The Cu2Zn1−xCdxSnS4 quinternary alloy nanofibres with different Cd concentrations were grown on glass substrate using the electrospinning technique. The structural properties of Cu2Zn1−xCdxSnS4 quinternary alloy nanofibres were investigated by X-ray diffraction XRD, field emission-scanning electron microscopy FE-SEM, and atomic force microscopy AFM. Optical properties were analysed through UV-visible spectrophotometry UV-Vis and photoluminescence PL spectroscopy, which revealed that there is a decrease in band gap from 1.75 eV to 1.61 eV, with the increasing Cd concentration from x = 0 to x = 1. The current-voltage measurements exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 3% under the solar illumination with intensity of 100 mW/cm2. Electrical properties supported that the Cu2Zn1−xCdxSnS4 quinternary alloy can be used as an absorber in solar cells. The bulk modulus, refractive index, and dielectric constant were also investigated.

Cadmium effect on structural properties of Cu2Zn1-xCdxSnS4 quinternary alloys nanostructures

The study report novel sensing plat of extended quinternart materials, Cu2Zn1-xdxSnS4 quinternary alloy nanostructures were fabricated onto oxidized silicon substrate by sol-gel method and characterized were synthesized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD peaks were shifted towered the lower angle side with increasing cadmium content. The practical size average of the Cu2Zn1-xdxSnS4 quinternary alloy nanostructures between 34.55 to 63.30 nm.

Estimating of Cherenkov Radiation in Extensive Air Showers Using CORSIKA Code for Tunka133 EAS Cherenkov Array

The simulation of Cherenkov light Lateral distribution function (LDF) in Extensive Air Showers (EAS) initiated primary particles such as primary calcium, argon, proton iron nuclei, neutron and nitrogen have been performed using CORSIKA program for conditions and configurations of Tunka133 EAS Cherenkov array. The simulation was fulfilled at the high energy range 1014-1016 eV for four different zenith angles 0o, 10o, 15o and 30o. The results of the simulated Cherenkov light LDF are compared with the measurements of Tunka133 EAS array for the same particles and energy range mentioned above. This comparison may give the good ability to reconstruct the energy spectrum and mass composition of the primary cosmic ray particles in EAS. The main feature of the given approach consists of the possibility to make a library of Cherenkov light LDF samples which could be utilized for analysis of real events which can be detected with different EAS arrays and reconstruction of the primary cosmic rays energy spectrum and mass composition of EAS particles.

Effect of Copper Concentration on Characterization of Cu2Zn0.8Cd0.2SnS4 Pentrary Alloy Nanostructures

Cu2Zn0.8Cd0.2SnS4 pentrary alloy nanostructure were prepared and deposited on glass substrates with different copper concentrations ( 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 mol/L ) using Sol gel – spin coating method.morphological and analytical studies were investigated by Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is found that the average grain size of Cu2Zn0.8Cd0.2SnS4 pentrary alloy nanostructure is 51.92 to 76.43 nm for the thin films prepared at 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 mol/L respectively .

Optical Properties of CuZn0.8Cd0.2SnS4 Quinternary Alloy Nanostructures

Cu2Zn0.8Cd0.2SnS4 quinternary alloy nanostructures were prepared with different copper (Cu) concentrations; 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 mol/L using the spin coating technique. The direct band gap energy of Cu2Zn0.8Cd0.2SnS4 quinternary alloy nanostructures is investigated to decrease as Cu increases. The transmittance value in the range 63–49% is depending on Cu content.Copyright

A study of extensive air shower characteristics by estimating depth of shower maximum using heitler toy model

One of the properties of longitudinal profile development in extensive air showers is depth of shower maximum in atmospheric cascade of particles initiated extensive air showers as a function of the primary energy. Study the characteristics of extensive air showers was fulfilled depending on a Hitlers model. The calculation of depth of shower maximum (Xmax) in atmosphere was performed for particles initiated extensive air showers such us protons, photons, iron nuclei, water, carbon, lead, argon and hydrogen in the energy range between 1014 and 1019eV. The comparison between calculated and simulated data of Xmax was gave a good results for primary proton and iron nuclei.