A. S. Morozov

Spontaneous generation of electric voltage in a single crystal of Sm0.55Sr0.45MnO3

Spontaneous generation of electric voltage has been found in a Sm0.55Sr0.45MnO3 single crystal grown by floating zone melting with cooling in oxygen. The maximum voltage of 60 μV has been observed in the region of temperatures corresponding, simultaneously, to destruction of the CE-type antiferromagnetic ordering and charge ordering in some clusters. The maximum voltage remains unchanged for 24 h and decreases by 45% in a magnetic field of 14.2 kOe. It has been shown that the spontaneous voltage is caused by the presence of regions with different electric charges in the sample.

Magnetocaloric effect in the Sm0.55Sr0.45MnO3 manganite

The magnetocaloric effect ΔT has been studied by a direct method in two samples of the manganite Sm0.55Sr0.45MnO3, namely, a single crystal (sample A) and a ceramic sample (sample C). The temperature dependences of the ΔT effect of both samples exhibit a maximum at Tmax = 143.3 K for the sample A and Tmax = 143 K for the sample C. In these maxima, the values of the ΔT effect are 0.8 and 0.4 K in the magnetic field H = 14.2 kOe for the samples A and C, respectively. In addition, the ΔT(T) curve of the sample A has a minimum at Tmin = 120 K, in which ΔT = −0.1 K. The maximum value of the ΔT effect increases with an increase in the magnetic field H in the range of magnetic fields up to 14.2 kOe, and the rate of this increase at H > 8 kOe is higher than that at H < 8 kOe. These features of the ΔT effect are explained by the presence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic A- and CE-type clusters in the samples.

Manganese-doped CdGeAs2, ZnGeAs2 and ZnSiAs2 chalcopyrites: a new advanced materials for spintronics

Based on the Mn-doped chalcopyrites CdGeAs2, ZnGeAs2 and ZnSiAs2, new dilute magnetic semiconductors with the p-type conductivity were produced. Magnetization, electrical resistivity and Hall effect of these compositions were studied. Their temperature dependences of magnetization are similar in form in spite of a complicated character, which is controlled by the concentration and mobility of the charge carriers. Thus, for T < 15 K, these curves are characteristic of superparamagnets and for T > 15 K, of a frustrated ferromagnet. In compounds with Zn these two states are diluted by a spinglass-like state. This specific feature is ascribed to attraction of Mn ions occupying neighboring sites and to competition between the carrier-mediated exchange and superexchange interactions. The Curie temperatures of these compounds are above room temperature. These are the highest Curie temperatures in the AIIBIVCV2:Mn systems.

Influence of magnetic heterogeneous state on magnetocaloric effect in Sm0.55Sr0.45MnO3

Magnetocaloric effect (ΔT-effect) was studied by straight method in two samples of Sm0.55Sr0.45MnO3 manganite: ceramic sample and single crystal, annealed in air atmosphere. The temperature dependence of ΔT-effect ΔT(T) of both of these samples has maximum at Tmax equal to 143.3 K for single crystal sample and 143 K for ceramic sample. In these maxima ΔT-values are 0.8 K for the former and 0.4 K for second samples. In addition the ΔT(T) curve of single-crystal sample has minimum at Tmin = 120 K and ΔT-value in minimum equal to - 0.1 K. The maximum value of ΔT-effect increases with H up to the maximum field of measurement 14.2 kOe. At this takes place the rate of this increasing is more at H > 8 kOe than at H < 8 kOe. The above listed peculiarities of ΔT-effect are explained of presence in samples of ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic A-type and antiferromagnetic CE-type clusters.

A new method of increasing thermopower in doped manganites

Thermopower, magnetothermopower, resistivity, magnetoresistance, and magnetization of singlecrystalline samples of the Sm1–xSrxMnO3 system (x = 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3) have been experimentally studied. These compositions consist of ferromagnetic clusters of the ferron type dispersed in the A-type antiferromagnetic matrix. Colossal thermo- and negative magnetothermopower values reaching 94.5% in a composition with x = 0.3 in the region of Curie point TC in a magnetic field of 1.323 T. This result implies that thermopower is mostly related to ferron-type clusters, since their breakage under the action of magnetic field or heating above TC leads to a sharp decrease in thermopower values. These results imply that thermopower in doped manganite semiconductors is determined by the concentration of impurity and volume of a sample.

Magnetocaloric effect in manganites

The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in La1 − xSrxMnO3, Sm0.55Sr0.45MnO3, and PrBaMn2O6 compounds is studied. The maximum values of MCE (ΔTmax) determined by a direct method in the second and third compositions and in La0.9Sr0.1MnO3 are found to be much lower than those calculated from the change of the magnetic part of entropy in the Curie temperature (TC) and the Néel temperature (TN) range. The negative contribution of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) part of a sample in the La1 − xSrxMnO3 system at 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.3 decreases ΔTmax and changes the ΔT(T) curve shape, shifting its maximum 20–40 K above TC. Lower values of ΔTmax are detected in the range TC = 130−142 K in polycrystalline and single-crystal Sm0.55Sr0.45MnO3 samples cooled in air. If such samples were cooled in an oxygen atmosphere (which restores broken Mn-O-Mn bonds and, thus, increases the volume of CE-type AFM clusters), the maximum in the temperature dependence of MCE is located at TN (243 K) for CE-type AFM clusters. A magnetic field applied to a sample during the MCE measurements transforms these clusters into a ferromagnetic (FM) state, and both types of clusters decompose at T = TN. The PrBaMn2O6 composition undergoes an AFM-FM transition at 231 K, and the temperature dependence of its MCE has a sharp minimum at T = 234 K, where MCE is negative, and a broad maximum covering TC. The absolute values of MCE at both extrema are several times lower than those calculated from the change in the magnetic entropy. These phenomena are explained by the presence of a magnetically heterogeneous FM-AFM state in these manganites.

Magnetocaloric Effect in Sm0.55Sr0.45MnO3 Manganite

Magnetocaloric effect (T-effect) was studied by direct method on three samples of Sm0.55Sr0.45MnO3 manganite: ceramic (C) sample and two single crystals, annealed in oxygen (O) or in air atmosphere (A). The temperature dependence of T-effect T(T) of all the samples has maximum at Tmax equal to 143.3 K for A-sample, 244 K for O-sample, and 143 K for C-sample. In these maxima T values are 0.8 K, 0.41 K, and 0.4 K for A-, O- and C-samples respectively. In addition, the T(T) curve of A-sample has minimum at Tmin = 120 K and T-value in minimum is equal to - 0.1 K. The maximum value of T-effect increases with H up to the maximum field of measurement 14.2 kOe. When this takes place the rate of this increasing is higher at H > 8 kOe than at H < 8 kOe. The above listed peculiarities of T-effect are explained by the presence in the samples of ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic A-type and antiferromagnetic CE-type clusters.

Relation of Giant Thermo-EMF, Magnetothermo-EMF, Magnetoresistance, and Magnetization to Magnetic Impurity States in Manganites Nd (1– x ) Sr x MnO 3 and Sm (1– x ) Sr x MnO 3

Thermo-EMF, magnetothermo-EMF, magnetoresistance, and magnetization of single-crystal samples of Nd(1–x)SrxMnO3 and Sm(1–x)SrxMnO3 with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3 have been studied experimentally. A sharp increase in the thermo-EMF and giant magnetothermo-EMF and magnetoresistance has been observed near the Curie point TC in compounds with 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.3. At the same time, no peculiarities have been found in compositions with x = 0. Since compounds with x > 0 consist of ferromagnetic clusters of the ferron type that reside in an antiferromagnetic A-type matrix, this means that the sharp increase in the thermo-EMF near TC is caused by ferrons. Indeed, the disappearance of ferrons due to a magnetic field or heating above TC leads to an abrupt decrease in the thermo-EMF. Therefore, thermo-EMF in alloyed magnetic semiconductors has been determined by the impurity concentration and the sample volume.

The influence of magnetic and structural heterogeneity on thermopower, magnetothermopower, electrical resistivity, and magnetoresistivity of Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 manganite

The thermopower, S, magnetothermopower, ΔS/S, resistivity, ρ, and magnetoresistivity, Δρ/ρ, depending on the temperature T and magnetic field H, have been studied in an Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 single crystal consisting of three types of clusters: an antiferromagnetic CE-type with charge-orbital ordering (below the Neel temperature TNCE ~ 145 K) and an A-type with TNA ~ 220 K; a ferromagnetic at 234 ≤ T ≤ 252 K, and a ferromagnetic metal phase below the Curie temperature TC = 248 K. The thermopower was found to be negative, indicating the dominance of the electronic type of conductivity. In the S(T) curves, a sharp minimum is observed in the temperature range of 100 K ≤ T ≤ 133 K, close to TNCE, where the absolute S value attains 53 μV/K. With a further increase in temperature, the absolute S value decreases rapidly; at 200 K it is equal to 7 μV/K. It then slightly increases, reaching its maximum value of 15 μV/K at a temperature of 254 K, which is close to TC. The absolute thermopower decreased under the influence of the magnetic field; i.e., a negative magnetothermopower occurs. In {ΔS/S}(T) curves, a sharp minimum is observed at T = 130 K close to TNCE, where the magnetothermopower reaches a huge value of ~45% at H = 13.23 kOe. A broad minimum in the {ΔS/S}(T) curves is observed near the Curie temperature and its value is also high, viz., ~15% in the maximum measuring magnetic field of 13.23 kOe. The extremely high magnetothermopower values mean that the charge-orbital ordered nanoclusters or ferron type make the main contribution to the thermopower of the entire sample. The behavior of the ρ(T) and {Δρ/ρ}(T) curves is similar to that of the S(T) and {ΔS/S}(T) dependencies, which is in agreement with this conclusion.

Giant Magnetothermopower in Sm0.55Sr0.45MnO3 Manganite

Thermopower α and magnetothermopower ∆α/α were studied in the Sm0.55Sr0.45MnO3 samples, containing clusters of three types: ferromagnetic clusters with the Curie temperature TC = 126 K, A-type antiferromagnetic clusters with the Neel temperature TNA ≥ TC and CE-type antiferromagnetic clusters with the TNCE = 240 K. The curves of temperature dependence of α (T) have a large maximum including TC and TNCE and the sharp minimum on the {∆α/α}(T) curves in the TC-region. Negative magnetothermopower in minimum achieves the giant value ~ 85% in magnetic field 14.17 kOe. It is shown that thermopower is largely caused by the presence of ferromagnetic nanoclusters of ferron-type and to a lesser degree of CE-type antiferromagnetic clusters, in which there is a charge ordering, displacing oxygen ions.