A. S. Pozdnyakov

Functional Polymer Nanocomposites Containing Triazole and Carboxyl Groups

New water-soluble functional polymer nanocomposites with nanoparticles of metallic silver in a matrix of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole copolymers with crotonic acid have been synthesized. The resulting nanocomposites contain isolated silver nanoparticles 2–12 nm in diameter, preferably spherical in shape, and uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. ATR IR spectroscopy has revealed that the nanoparticles affect the state of the carboxyl groups in the polymer matrix. It has been found that the size of zero-valent silver nanoparticles depends on the ratio of monomer units in the polymer matrix. The thermo-oxidative stabilities of the synthesized copolymers and polymer nanocomposites produced on their basis have been examined.

Nontoxic hydrophilic polymeric nanocomposites containing silver nanoparticles with strong antimicrobial activity

New nontoxic hydrophilic nanocomposites containing metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a polymer matrix were synthesized by the chemical reduction of silver ions in an aqueous medium. A new nontoxic water soluble copolymer of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and N-vinylpyrrolidone synthesized by free radical-initiated polymerization was used as a stabilizing agent. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize polymeric AgNPs nanocomposites. The results showed that the diameter of the synthesized AgNPs ranged from 2 to 6 nm. The toxicity of the initial copolymer of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and N-vinylpyrrolidone and its nanocomposite with AgNPs was found to be more than 5,000 mg/kg. The synthesized AgNP polymeric nanocomposite showed significant antimicrobial activity against different strains of Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations suppressing the growth of the microorganisms ranged from 0.5 to 8 µg/mL and the minimum bactericidal concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 16 µg/mL. The fabricated AgNP nanocomposites are promising materials for the design of novel nontoxic hydrophilic antiseptics and antimicrobial components for medical purposes.

Sorption of Noble Metal Compounds by Cross-Linked Copolymer of 1-Vinyl-1,2,4-Triazole with Acrylic Acid

Sorption properties with respect to noble metal compounds were examined for a new divinyl benzene cross-linked nitrogen-containing heterocyclic copolymer of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole with acrylic acid. The sorption recovery of chloride complexes of Au(III), Pt(IV), Pd(II), and Ag(I), as well as of silver nitrate from acidic solutions was examined in relation to the nature and concentration of acids and the contact time between the phases.

Toxicity evaluation of polyvinyltriazole and a related silver-containing nanocomposite

The water-soluble polymer nanocomposite consisting of metal silver nanoparticles stabilized by poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole was synthesized by the chemical reduction method. The formation of the nanosized metal phase was confirmed by UV spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The silver nanoparticles 2—10 nm are uniformly distributed in all polymer volume. The toxicological properties were studied, and a lethal dose was established. The morphological study of tissues of animal organs and brain revealed no significant structural changes.

Synthesis and characterization of silver polymer nanocomposites of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole with acrylonitrile

Novel organic-inorganic nanocomposites were synthesized by chemical reduction of silver ions from silver acetate in DMSO and DMF solutions in the presence of the stabilizing copolymer of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole-acrylonitrile. The solvents DMSO and DMF can act as efficient reducing agents for silver ions, which makes it possible to carry out the reaction under mild conditions and simplify procedures of nanocomposite isolation. The structure and properties of the starting copolymer and related nanocomposites were characterized by UV, IR, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, as well as transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetry. The prepared polymer nanocomposites contain 6.8–7.2% silver in the form of nanoparticles with a size of 2–20 nm uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix. The nanocomposites are readily soluble in DMSO and DMF and do not decompose on heating to 260 °C.

Water-soluble silver nanocomposites with 1-Vinyl-1,2,4-triazole copolymer

87 Polymer nanocomposites with silver nanoparticles are promising for medicine, optoelectronics, and nan ophotonics due to the unique properties of silver in the nanosized state and multifunctional properties of the polymer matrix [1–5]. Recently, we reported an efficient stabilization of silver nanoparticles with 1 vinyl 1,2,4 triazole homo polymer (PVT) and its copolymer with sodium meth acrylate (Na MAA) [6, 7]. In this work, we report the results on the synthesis of a new VT–Na AA copolymer and formation of water soluble silver containing nanocomposites on its basis. The copolymerization of VT with Na AA was car ried out in an aqueous solution in the presence of a radical type initiator, azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) at 60°C. The resultant copolymer as a white powder is readily soluble in water and has a characteristic viscos ity of 5.5 dL/g. The composition and structure of the copolymer were determined by elemental analysis, potentiometric titration, and IR spectroscopy. It was found that copolymer macromolecule contains VT (70 mol %) and Na AA units (27 mol %) along with acrylic acid units (3 mol %) resulting from the partial hydrolysis of Na AA molecules. The IR spectra of the copolymers contain no absorption bands of vinyl group (1654 cm–1) and show absorption bands corresponding to the stretching and bending vibrations of the triazole ring (cm–1): 3106 (C–H), 1504 (C=N), 1277 (N–N), 1005 (C–H), 664 (C–N), as well as stretching vibrations of C=O in –COOH and –COO– (1710 and 1575 cm–1, respec tively). Nanocomposites were formed in an aqueous solu tion of the obtained copolymer by the reduction of sil ver ions from silver nitrate with sodium borohydride. The prepared nanocomposites are brown powders containing 2–6% of silver readily soluble in water.

1-Vinyl-1,2,4-triazole in copolymerization reaction with 1-vinyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole: synthesis and properties of copolymers

A radical copolymerization of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole (VTA) with 1-vinyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahy-droindole (VTHI) was studied. New thermally stable functional copolymers of different composition, well soluble in organic solvents were synthesized. It was found that VTA has higher reactivity as compared to VTHI. A new soluble polymeric nanocomposite with metallic silver nanoparticles encapsulated into the matrix of synthesized copolymer was obtained.

Immunomodulatory properties of silver-containing nanocomposite on the basis of polyvinyltriazole

The water-soluble nanocomposite with the uniform distribution of silver nanoparticles in polymer matrix was synthesized on the basis of poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole. Physicochemical and immunomodulatory properties of the nanocomposite were studied. The stimulating effect of the nanocomposite on the functional capability of phagocytes in vitro and potential of using it as a drug, which increases the natural resistance of organism against infectious agents, were established.

Polymer nanocomposites with iron oxide nanoparticles

Novel polymer nanocomposites with iron oxide nanoparticles in a poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) matrix are promising for the development of new biomedical materials of long-term effect.

The Reactivity of 1-Vinyl-1,2,4-triazole in the Radical Copolymerization with Crotonic Aldehyde

Copolymerization of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole with crotonic aldehyde under the conditions of free-radical initiation has been studied. 1-Vinyl-1,2,4-triazole was found to be more reactive than crotonic aldehyde. The composition and structure of copolymers were determined by the elemental analysis, IR and quantitative 13C NMR spectroscopy. New polyfunctional water-soluble copolymers possessing thermostability up to 300°C were obtained.