A. S. Yunoshev

Effect of the density of an emulsion explosive on the reaction zone width

This paper presents experimental dependences of the width of the reaction zone and detonation critical diameter on the initial density with a variation in the density of an emulsion high explosive from 0.5 to 1.33 g/cm3. Glass microballoons were used as a sensitizer. The emulsion explosive is characterized by an U-shaped dependence of the critical diameter on the density, and the reaction time and the width the reaction zone increase monotonically with the density of the explosive. The detonation pressure of the studied compositions varies in the range of 0.6–12 GPa.

Shock compression of an emulsion matrix at pressures up to 37 GPa

This paper presents an experimental study of the shock compression of an emulsion matrix based on an aqueous solution of ammonium and sodium nitrates at pressures up to 37 GPa, which is significantly higher than the calculated detonation pressure. The data obtained were used to determine the parameters of the Hayes equation of state and calculate the shock heating temperature of the matrix. At a pressure of more than 17 GPa, the input pressure profiles shows a rise associated with the chemical transformation of the emulsion.

New applications of emulsion explosives

This paper considers the use of emulsion explosive compositions to join building bars and replace worn thread in the railway wheel axle. The compositions do not contain individual explosives and greatly increase the safety in explosive working of metals.

Shock‐Wave Synthesis of Novel Superhard Materials

We have used shock‐wave method to synthesize the high‐pressure phase of silicon nitride and diamond‐like boron carbonitride. We have synthesized new silicon nitride phase as nano‐powder and then consolidated the received matter into the bulk sample using the special high‐quality HPHT apparatus. In the result we have obtained the bulk samples of cubic silicon nitride up to 6 mm in size. Vickers microhardness of this superhard material equals 30–50 GPa, which exceeds significantly the data of other investigations. We could not synthesize boron carbonitride. The discussion of the reasons is given.

Acceleration Ability of Emulsion Explosives

The acceleration ability of an emulsion explosive sensitized with Expancel polymer microballoons and having an initial density of 0.193–1.2 g/cm3 was measured using the end acceleration method and the method of acceleration of a cylindrical shell. The results were compared with those obtained for 79/21 AN/TNT and with the results of ANSYS AUTODYN simulation.

Detonation velocity of an emulsion explosive sensitized with polymer microballoons

This paper presents the results of investigation of the detonation velocity of an emulsion explosive sensitized with Expancel polymer microballoons in a wide range of initial density of 0.14–1.33 g/cm3. It is shown that at a density of the emulsion explosive less than 0.4 g/cm3, detonation with an unstable front characteristic of liquid explosives is possible.

Influence of artificial pores on the detonation parameters of an emulsion explosive

This paper presents the results of a study of the influence of the characteristics of porous inclusions on the detonation parameters of emulsion explosives (EMX). Glass and polymeric microballoons, perlite grains, hollow cenospheres, and a gas-generating additive are used as sensitizers. It is shown that polymeric microballoons with an ultra-thin wall filled with isobutane are the most efficient sensitizer that allows the potential of EMX to be fully realized.

Detonation temperature of an emulsion explosive with a polymer sensitizer

Dependences of the brightness temperatures of the detonation front and detonation products on detonation pressure were determined in the range of 0.7–9.4 GPa by a pyrometric method. The pressure was varied by changing the initial density of the emulsion explosive in the range of 0.43–1.2 g/cm3. Polymer microballoons were used as sensitizer. The dependence of the brightness temperature in the Chapman–Jouguet plane on detonation pressure was found to be nonmonotonic. In the investigated pressure range, the measured temperature values varied from 2250 to 1830 K. A comparative analysis of the application of polymer and glass microballoons as sensitizers was performed. The obtained experimental data were compared with the calculation results available in the literature.

Loading of an emulsion by high-velocity plate impact

A pure emulsion based on an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate placed in a steel tube 114 mm in inner diameter was shock loaded. The achieved dynamic pressure of 30 GPa, far exceeding the calculated detonation pressure, did not lead to the development of an explosive process.

Hugoniot of an emulsion matrix based on aqueous ammonium nitrate

The Hugoniot of an emulsion matrix based on aqueous ammonium nitrate was determined at pressures of up to 30 GPa, far exceeding the calculated detonation pressure. In the range of 13–15 GPa, the Hugoniot curve was found to have a jump singularity associated with the possible decomposition of the emulsion at high shock pressure.