A Schubert

Evaluating the costs of glycemic response with canagliflozin versus dapagliflozin and empagliflozin as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United Arab Emirates

Abstract Objective: This study evaluates the cost of achieving glycemic control with three sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from the payer perspective in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: A systematic literature review identified randomized controlled trials of antihyperglycemic agents as add-on to metformin in patients with T2DM of 26 ± 4 weeks in duration, published by 10 September 2014. A Bayesian network-meta analysis (NMA) compared HbA1c changes with canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg versus dapagliflozin 10 mg and empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg. The cost associated with a 1% placebo-adjusted HbA1c reduction with each SGLT2 inhibitor as add-on to metformin was calculated based on NMA results and UAE drug costs. Results: In the NMA, canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg were associated with HbA1c reductions (−0.67% and −0.79%) compared with dapagliflozin 10 mg (−0.41%) and empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg (−0.57% and −0.64%). Probabilities of canagliflozin 100 mg performing better were 79%, 60%, and 53% versus dapagliflozin 10 mg and empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg, respectively; probabilities for canagliflozin 300 mg performing better were 88%, 72%, and 65%, respectively. The cost per 1%-point reduction in HbA1c was projected to be lower with canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg (

Predictors of vocational status in schizophrenia patients – Results from the Polish nationwide survey

448 and

Importance of assessing and adjusting for cross-study heterogeneity in network meta-analysis: a case study of psoriasis

422) compared with dapagliflozin 10 mg (

A Network Meta-Analysis (NMA) to Assess the Longer-Term Relative Efficacy of Canagliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Metformin.

785) and empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg (

Relation Between Different Measures of Glycemic Exposure and Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Cohort Study

527 and

An Assessment of The Relative Efficacy of Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors As Add-On To Metformin In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

563). Conclusions: Canagliflozin may provide a greater glycemic response at a lower effective cost than dapagliflozin or empagliflozin for patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin from the payer perspective in the UAE.

Network Meta-Analysis (NMA) to Assess Relative Efficacy Measured as Percentage of Patients Treated to HbA1c Target with Canagliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Inadequately Controlled on Metformin and Sulphonylurea (MET+SU).

Background: Steady employment constitutes one of most important aspects of functional recovery in schizophrenia. Therefore, there is a need for understanding clinical and demographic factors predicting vocational status in schizophrenia. Methods: Clinical and demographic data of 1,010 schizophrenia patients were gathered from public outpatient clinics. We compared patients who maintained employment between the diagnosis time point and the day of assessment, with the patients who were employed in the diagnosis time point but were unemployed on the day of assessment with respect to clinical and demographic variables. Results: Lower educational attainment, lower-income region of residence, medical comorbidities (obesity, diabetes and hypertension), first hospitalization at inpatient unit in comparison with the day hospital, higher total number of hospitalizations and the number of inpatient hospitalizations were found to serve as predictors of unemployment throughout the course of schizophrenia. After application of Bonferroni correction and logistic binary regression analysis, lower educational attainment, higher number of inpatient hospitalizations and obesity predicted unemployment. Conclusion: Education, obesity and the number of inpatient hospitalizations seem to predict vocational outcome in schizophrenia. This study warrants further investigation of medical comorbidities in schizophrenia in terms of social consequences in order to indicate the direction of this relationship.

The Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of Canagliflozin Versus Dapagliflozin In Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled On Metformin Monotherapy In Spain

AIM The importance of adjusting for cross-study heterogeneity when conducting network meta-analyses (NMAs) was demonstrated using a case study of biologic therapies for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. METHODS Bayesian NMAs were conducted for Psoriasis Area and Severity Index 90 response. Several covariates were considered to account for cross-trial differences: baseline risk (i.e., placebo response), prior biologic use, body weight, psoriasis duration, age, race and baseline Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score. Model fit was evaluated. RESULTS The baseline risk-adjusted NMA, which adjusts for multiple observed and unobserved effect modifiers, was associated with the best model fit. Lack of adjustment for cross-trial differences led to different clinical interpretations of findings. CONCLUSION Failure to adjust for cross-trial differences in NMA can have important implications for clinical interpretations when studying the comparative efficacy of healthcare interventions.