A. Sota

A Pluto-like radius and a high albedo for the dwarf planet Eris from an occultation

The dwarf planet Eris is a trans-Neptunian object with an orbital eccentricity of 0.44, an inclination of 44 degrees and a surface composition very similar to that of Pluto. It resides at present at 95.7 astronomical units (1 au is the Earth-Sun distance) from Earth, near its aphelion and more than three times farther than Pluto. Owing to this great distance, measuring its size or detecting a putative atmosphere is difficult. Here we report the observation of a multi-chord stellar occultation by Eris on 6 November 2010 ut. The event is consistent with a spherical shape for Eris, with radius 1,163 ± 6 kilometres, density 2.52 ± 0.05 grams per cm3 and a high visible geometric albedo, . No nitrogen, argon or methane atmospheres are detected with surface pressure larger than ∼1 nanobar, about 10,000 times more tenuous than Plutos present atmosphere. As Plutos radius is estimated to be between 1,150 and 1,200 kilometres, Eris appears as a Pluto twin, with a bright surface possibly caused by a collapsed atmosphere, owing to its cold environment. We anticipate that this atmosphere may periodically sublimate as Eris approaches its perihelion, at 37.8 astronomical units from the Sun.

EARLY RESULTS FROM THE GALACTIC O-STAR SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY: C III EMISSION LINES IN Of SPECTRA

On the basis of an extensive new spectroscopic survey of Galactic O stars, we introduce the Ofc category, which consists of normal spectra with C III {lambda}{lambda}4647-4650-4652 emission lines of comparable intensity to those of the Of defining lines N III {lambda}{lambda}4634-4640-4642. The former feature is strongly peaked to spectral type O5, at all luminosity classes, but preferentially in some associations or clusters and not others. The relationships of this phenomenon to the selective C III {lambda}5696 emission throughout the normal Of domain, and to the peculiar, variable Of?p category, for which strong C III {lambda}{lambda}4647-4650-4652 emission is a defining characteristic, are discussed. Magnetic fields have recently been detected on two members of the latter category. We also present two new extreme Of?p stars, NGC 1624-2 and CPD -28 deg. 2561, bringing the number known in the Galaxy to five. Modeling of the behavior of these spectral features can be expected to better define the physical parameters of both normal and peculiar objects, as well as the atomic physics involved.

GRB 090313 and the Origin of Optical Peaks in Gamma-Ray Burst Light Curves: Implications for Lorentz Factors and Radio Flares

A.M. acknowledges funding from the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC). C.G.M. is grateful for financial support from the Royal Society and Research Councils (UK). A.G. acknowledges founding from the Slovenian Research Agency and from the Centre of Excellence for Space Sciences and Technologies SPACE-SI, an operation partly financed by the European Union, European Regional Development Fund and Republic of Slovenia, Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology. I.d.G.-M. is partially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci´on (Spain), grant AYA2008-06189-C03 (including FEDER funds), and by Consejer´ia de Innovaci´on, Ciencia y Empresa of Junta deAndaluc´ia (Spain). The Liverpool Telescope is operated by Liverpool John Moores University at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. The Faulkes Telescopes, now owned by Las Cumbres Observatory, are operated with support from the Dill Faulkes Educational Trust. This work is partially based on observations carried out with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer and observations collected at the German-Spanish Astronomical Center, Calar Alto, jointly operated by the Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Astronomie Heidelberg and the Instituto de Astrof´isica de Andaluc´ia (CSIC). IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France),MPG (Germany), and IGN (Spain). We thank Calar Alto Observatory for allocation of director’s discretionary time to this program. We also thank M.R Zapatero-Osorio for the acquisition and reduction of NOT data. The research of J.G. and A.J.C.T. is supported by the Spanish programmes AYA2007-63677, AYA2008-03467/ESP, and AYA2009-14000-C03-01. This work made use of data supplied by the UK Swift Science Data Centre at the University of Leicester.

NGC 1624-2: a slowly rotating, X-ray luminous Of?cp star with an extraordinarily strong magnetic field

This paper presents a first observational investigation of t he faint Of?p star NGC 1624-2, yielding important new constraints on its spectral and physical characteristics, rotation, magnetic field strength, X-ray emission and magnetospheric pro perties. Modeling the spectrum and spectral energy distribution, we conclude that NGC 1624-2 is a main sequence star of mass M≃ 30 M⊙, and infer an effective temperature of 35± 2 kK and log g = 4.0± 0.2. Based on an extensive time series of optical spectral observation s we report significant variability of a large number of spectral lines, and infer a unique period of 157.99± 0.94 d which we interpret as the rotational period of the star. We report the detec tion of a very strong - 5.35± 0.5 kG - longitudinal magnetic field h Bzi , coupled with probable Zeeman splitting of Stokes I profiles of metal lines confirming a surface field modulus h Bi of 14± 1 kG, consistent with a surface dipole of polar strength ∼ 20 kG. This is the largest magnetic field ever detected in an O-type star, and the first report of Zeeman splitting of Stoke s I profiles in such an object. We also report the detection of reversed Stokes V profiles associated with weak, high-excitation emission lines of Oiii, which we propose may form in the close magnetosphere of the star. We analyze archival Chandra ACIS-I X-ray data, inferring a very hard spectrum with an X-ray effi ciency log Lx/Lbol =−6.4, a factor of 4 larger than the canonical value for O-type sta rs and comparable to that of the young magnetic O-type starθ 1 Ori C and other Of?p stars. Finally, we examine the probable magnetospheric properties of the star, reporting in particular very strong magnetic confinement of the stellar wind, with η∗≃ 1.5× 10 4 , and a very large Alfven radius, RAlf = 11.4 R∗.

PANCHROMATIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE TEXTBOOK GRB 110205A: CONSTRAINING PHYSICAL MECHANISMS OF PROMPT EMISSION AND AFTERGLOW

We present a comprehensive analysis of a bright, long-duration (T-90 similar to 257 s) GRB 110205A at redshift z = 2.22. The optical prompt emission was detected by Swift/UVOT, ROTSE-IIIb, and BOOTES telescopes when the gamma-ray burst (GRB) was still radiating in the gamma-ray band, with optical light curve showing correlation with gamma-ray data. Nearly 200 s of observations were obtained simultaneously from optical, X-ray, to gamma-ray (1 eV to 5 MeV), which makes it one of the exceptional cases to study the broadband spectral energy distribution during the prompt emission phase. In particular, we clearly identify, for the first time, an interesting two-break energy spectrum, roughly consistent with the standard synchrotron emission model in the fast cooling regime. Shortly after prompt emission (similar to 1100 s), a bright (R = 14.0) optical emission hump with very steep rise (alpha similar to 5.5) was observed, which we interpret as the reverse shock (RS) emission. It is the first time that the rising phase of an RS component has been closely observed. The full optical and X-ray afterglow light curves can be interpreted within the standard reverse shock (RS) + forward shock (FS) model. In general, the high-quality prompt and afterglow data allow us to apply the standard fireball model to extract valuable information, including the radiation mechanism (synchrotron), radius of prompt emission (R-GRB similar to 3 x 10(13) cm), initial Lorentz factor of the outflow (Gamma(0) similar to 250), the composition of the ejecta (mildly magnetized), the collimation angle, and the total energy budget.

Short-term rotational variability of eight KBOs from Sierra Nevada Observatory

In 2001, we started a CCD photometry programme to study the short-term variability of some of the brightest TNOs and Centaurs from the Sierra Nevada observatory. In this paper, we report our latest results on short-term rotational variability of 7 trans-neptunian objects: Orcus (2004 DW), 2002 AW 197 , 2003 AZ 84 , 2003 VS 2 , 2002 VE 95 , 2001 YH 140 , 1996 TL 66 , and a Centaur: 2003 CQ 1 . Analysis of the photometric data revealed confident periodicities for 6 objects, with all the lightcurve amplitudes smaller than 0.2 mag, except for 2003 VS 2 . Considering all the objects for which reliable lightcurve amplitudes have been reported in the literature (32), the new statistics reveal that 31% of the bodies show variability above 0.15 mag, but only 16% of them display larger amplitudes than 0.4 mag. Here we present a summary of the main results obtained for these objects, and discuss the implications for their basic physical properties.

GRB 050509b: the elusive optical/nIR/mm afterglow of a short-duration GRB

We present multiwavelength (optical/near infrared/millimetre) observations of a short duration gamma-ray burst detected by Swift (GRB 050509b) collected between 0 seconds and ~18.8 days after the event. No optical, near infrared or millimetre emission has been detected in spite of the well localised X-ray afterglow, confirming the elusiveness of the short duration events. We also discuss the possibility of the burst being located in a cluster of galaxies at

Asteroseismology of Hybrid Pulsators Made Possible: Simultaneous MOST Space Photometry and Ground-Based Spectroscopy of γ Peg

z = 0.225

THE GALACTIC O-STAR SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY (GOSSS). III. 142 ADDITIONAL O-TYPE SYSTEMS*

or beyond. In the former case, the spectral energy distribution of the neighbouring, potential host galaxy, favours a system harbouring an evolved dominant stellar population (age ~360 Myr), unlike most long duration GRB host galaxies observed so far, i.e. thus giving support to a compact binary merger origin. Any underlying supernova that could be associated with this particular event should have been at least 3 magnitudes fainter than the type Ib/c SN 1998bw and 2.3 mag fainter than a typical type Ia SN.

Orbital and Physical Properties of the σ Ori Aa, Ab, B Triple System

We have acquired simultaneous high-precision space photometry and radial velocities of the bright hybrid β Cep/Slowly Pulsating B pulsator γ Peg. Frequency analyses reveal the presence of six gravity (g) modes of high radial order together with eight low-order β Cep oscillations in both data sets. Mode identification shows