A. V. Agafonov

Effect of nitrogen compounds on the hydrocracking of heavy distillates

Summary1.Experiments on the hydrocracking of feedstocks containing 0.06, 0.01, and less than 0.01% nitrogen bifunctional catalyst have shown that nitrogen has a substantial effect on the activity and stability of a catalyst in the second stage of the process.2.The deactivating effect of nitrogen when present to the extent of 0.01% and below in the feedstock can be eliminated by increasing the total pressure to 150 atm; the appropriate cycle duration is not less than 1400 h.3.Two-stage hydrocracking enables gasoline with an octane number of about 76 and diesel fuel with a cetane number of 50–55 to be produced.

Development of hydrocracking process with light catalytic gasoil feedstock

The structure of the coke filler has a substantial influence on the thermal stability of the graphite. The thermal stability of the graphite based on needle coke (4900 W)is about 25% higher than that of the graphite based on coke with a structure rating of 4.5-5.0 (3400 W~ and almost double that of the graphite from the coke with a structure rating of 2.12.5. In ox• at 800-900~C, the graphite based on the anisotropic needle coke is lower [better~ than the graphite from pyrolysis special-grade coke with a structure rating of 2.1, by a factor of almost 2.

Heat effects in hydrocracking naphtha distillate

SummaryHeat effects in the hydrocracking of heavy straight-run naphthas have been calculated from bond rupture energies and from heats of formation, the results from the two methods being quite comparable. The material presented here confirms the feasibility of widespread practical application of the heat-effect calculation method using the heats of formation of the reactants and products.

Commercial test-run on combination process of hydrocracking and naphtha reforming

Summary1.The results of laboratory studies on the catalytic hydrocracking of naphtha distillates were confirmed by tests on a commercial unit.2.The resulting iso-component consisted mainly of C5 and C6 isoparaffins, and had a motor-method octane number of 84–86.3.The C7+ cut, used as a feedstock for catalytic reforming, proved to be somewhat better in quality than hydrotreated straight-run naphtha.4.Feasibility has been confirmed for producing AI-93 gasoline by blending the iso-component with severe-regime reformer naphtha, without the use of ethyl fluid, alkylate, or isomerizate, as well as producing AI-93 gasoline by blending the iso-component with mild-regime reformer naphtha and adding 0.82 g TEL/kg.5.Stable operation of the catalyst has been demonstrated in an extended commercial run.

Some data on the operation of units for hydropurification of diesel fuel

ConclusionsThe first high-capacity L-24-5 and L-24-6 hydropurification units have come into industrial operation as a result of the cooperation between the combined plants, the starting-up and repair crews, investigators, and design organizations.The operation of the units have confirmed to a considerable extent the data obtained in pilot plants and underlying the design of the large hydropurification units. The equipment as a whole worked satisfactorily.It is shown that the output of the units may be raised by 15–20% without any alterations being required in the construction, and may be increased even more if several faults in the technological scheme are remedied.