A. V. Matsyura

Efficiency of bird laser repellents (the case of Rooks and Pigeons)

We tested the effect of laser repellents against the Rooks and Pigeons in the conditions of Kulunda Steppe (Altai Krai). We successfully scared birds from their feeding and day/night roosting habitats. Based on our results we definitely can recommend laser devices for implementation in bird control management regards studied species.

The wild pear (Pyrus L., Rosaceae) species in the flora of Azerbaijan Republic

The article provides information about wild pears spread in the Republic of Azerbaijan. It has been revealed that currently 21 species of wild pears belonging to the Pyrus L. genus are known in the flora of Azerbaijan. 17 species of them have been spread in the area of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Pyrus zangеzura Malееv., P. vоrоnоvii Rubtz., P. gеоrgica Kuth., P. demetrii Kuth., P. fedorovii Kuth., P. psuеdоsyriaca Gladkоva., P. chosrovica Gladkova., P. mеgrica Gladkоva, P.caucasica var. schuntukеnsis Tuz., P. salicifolia var. angustifolia Kuth., P. salicifolia var. latifolia Alexenko species have been given firstly for the flora of Azerbaijan and Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. As a result of climate change and anthropogenic factors in recent years in the Autonomous Republic considering the wild pears of Pyrus boissieriana Buhse (CR A2 abc; C1), P. eldarica Grossh. (CR A2 abc; C1), P. grossheimii Fed. (CR A4 cd; C1), P. hyrcana Fed. (CR A2 abc; C1), P. salicifolia Pall. ( NT), P.vsevolodii Heidemann (NT) species rareness and endangering they have been included the Red Book of Azerbaijan, P. mеdvеdеvii Rubtz. (NT), P. syriaca Bоiss. (NT), P. zangеzura Malееv. (VU B1a(i)c(ii); C2a(i)), P. raddеana Wоrоnоw (VU B1a(i)c(ii); C2a(i)), P. vоrоnоvii Rubtz. (VU B1a(i)c(ii); C2a(i)), P. mеgrica Gladkоva (VU B1a(i)c(ii); C2a(i)) species have also been included the Red Book of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.

Effect of sowing techniques on the agroecological parameters of cereal crops

В Западной Сибири проблема получения полноценных всходов зерновых культур обусловлена гидротермическими условиями в период посев – всходы, вредителями и болезнями и в значительной степени агротехническими приемами посева. При прямом посеве зерновых культур наиболее распространенными типами рабочих органов посевных машин являются стрельчатая лапа, долото и диск. Эффективность их использования в условиях сухой степи Алтайского края изучена крайне слабо. С целью установления наиболее эффективного высевающего сошника в 26 хозяйствах сухой части края с 2005 по 2012 годы были проведены исследования по изучению сеялок с двухдисковыми сошниками, с сошниками в виде стрельчатых лап отечественного и зарубежного производства, а также с долотообразными сошниками. Годы исследований (2006-2011) характеризовались влагообеспеченностью ниже средней (вегетационные осадки 80% нормы), 2012 г. – как острозасушливый (40 % нормы). Наиболее эффективными сеялками при возделывании яровой пшеницы в сухой степи являются сеялки, оснащенные долотообразными сошниками. Они позволяют лучше сохранять почвенную влагу (на 17-28 мм к контролю) в посевной период, повышать качество посевов, а также полевую всхожесть на 4,8 – 12,0% и в результате за счет улучшения показателей структуры урожая увеличивать урожайность пшеницы. В острозасушливый год 2012 год она составила по пару 1,26 т/га, по гороху 0,81 т/га, по пшенице 0,46 т/га соответственно при 0,64, 0,59 и 0,25 т/га на контроле (двухдисковый сошник СЗП-3,6). Сеялки со стрельчатыми высевающими рабочими органами как отечественного, так и зарубежного производства, по урожайности пшеницы не имели существенных различий, но превосходили контроль в условиях острозасушливого года на 0,21 – 0,59 т/га в зависимости от предшественника.

Pathogenicity of Simplicillium lanosoniveum to Coccus hesperidum

Simplicillium lanosoniveum isolate SSBG2 was isolated from the diseased C. hesper collected from Schefflera octophylla in greenhouse of the South-Siberian Botanical Garden, and identified based on morphological observation and ITS region analysis. The infected plants were inoculated with conidial suspension of the isolate SSBG2 in concentrations 1.0*10 5 /mL. It was showed that after inoculation the C. hesper female adults were more vulnerable to infection. Larvae are affected to a lesser extent. The mycelium grows under the scale and cause the death of the insect. It was indicated that S. lanosoniveum had high infectivity against C. hesper . Infection symptoms appeared on day 7 after the inoculation, the infection reached the peak on day 20. Our study provides a new isolate that affects the Coccus hesperidum .

Ecological and biological characteristics of Lactobacillus acidophilus

Lactobacillus acidophilus - homofermentative lactobacillus, specializing in living in the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts of mammals and birds. It accompanies a person from birth and throughout his life, providing a whole range of useful services, the main one of which is active participation in the bodys defense system against the harmful action of undesirable microorganisms (preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria and restraining populations of opportunistic microbes at a safe level) . It is this property of the acidophilus rod that explains its wide practical use in various probiotic products and preparations of dietary, medical and agricultural purposes. Although the acidophilus rod is known and purposefully used for a long time, it still ha the great potential for the research. The use of gene-molecular approaches has made it possible to clarify the systematic position of L. acidophilus in the family of lactobacilli and to identify a group of closely related species, often indistinguishable by traditional physiological and biochemical identification methods. Today, the efforts of researchers are focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which antagonistically active strains of L. acidophilus carry out a bactericidal and bacteriolytic effect on harmful microbes. Disclosure of these mechanisms will not only allow more efficient selection and use of strains of L. acidophilus, but also create a new class of antibiotics that are more effective and have less side effects than existing ones. This review is devoted to the description of the probiotic microorganism Lactobacillus acidophilus. In the article the biological and ecological properties of the acidophilus rod are described in detail, examples of practical use of this microorganism in various branches of the national economy are given.

Cluster analysis, fuzzy sets, and fuzzy logic models in bird identification

In our resent research (Osadchiy at al., 2016) we considered the mathematical model for the identifying of bird species according to the results of inaccurate field measurements. We used the total length of the bird, the wingspan, the wingbeat frequency, and the flight as the input factors of the model. Testing the model on a hypothetical case of identifying some target species, like Rook, Common raven, Mallard, White Stork, and Lapwing revealed that this model can be used for bird species identification with definite limitations. However, in previous model we applied the recognition algorithm that was based on the classical sections of mathematical statistics. The limitations of those model are obvious - it does not take into account many characteristics and behavioral features of birds that cannot be represented in numerical form, like diurnal activity pattern and flocking behavior. In this case the possibility of using the traditional sections of mathematical statistics is quite limited. The present study is devoted to the development of a mathematical method for the identifying of the bird species that based on cluster analysis with fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets which extends the possibilities of the algorithm that was previously proposed in our research.

Addition to the flora of Altai. III.

For the territory of the Altay Mountain are the location of new fern species belonging to families of Athyriaceae, Cryptogrammaceae, Cystopteridaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Hypolepidaceae, Onocleaceae, Polypodiaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Woodsiaceae.

Diversity of Cyanoprokaryota in sandy habitats in Pryazov National Natural Park (Ukraine)

Data on abundance and distribution on Cyanoprokaryota of alluvial soil of the Pryazov National Natural Park (PNNP) are presented. The PNNP is situated in the south part of Zaporizhzhya region near the Azov Sea. Sandy soils of the PNNP are suitable habitats for biodiversity conservation. Nevertheless. Cyanoprokaryota algae have been studying insufficiently and unevenly. 16 soil samples were sampled from the sandy habitats in the PNPP to study the Cyanoprokaryota. The sampling was carried out on the sample areas during 2014-2015 in various locations on Stepanivka Spit (Azov Sea), Fedotova Spit (Utlyutskyi Estuary), Tubalskyy estuary at the mouth Korsak, Taschenakskyi hearth (mouth of the river Tashchenak), Berdyansk Spit near the Krasne lake, Samples were sampled by a conventional algological method, treatment and identification of sampled material was performed in the Laboratory of Botany and Gardening of the Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University. Laboratory processing of the material was carried with culturing methods in two types of cultures: soil cultures with glasses of growth and Bold’s nutrient agar with normal and triple quantity of nitrogen (1N BBM and 3 NBBM). Identification were performed with the light binocular microscope “MICROmed XS-5520” using 40x and 100x objective lenses. Here we registered 23 cyanoprokaryota species from 3 orders ( Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales, and Nostocales ) , 10 families ( Merismopediaceae , Gomphosphaeriaceae , Microcystaceae, Chroococcaceae, Oscillatoriaceae, Phormidiaceae, Schizotrichaceae, Pseudanabaenaceae, Nostocaceae, Rivulariaceae ) and 11 genera. The dominant species were Merismopedia elegans , M. glauca , Chroococcus minutus , Calothrix parietina , Leptolyngbya notata , Nostoc microscopicum , and Phormidium ( Komvophoron ) mucicola. Such species like Merismopedia elegans , M. glauca , Chroococcus minutus , and Calothrix parietina were found in all studied park plots with sandy soils that confirming algae wide ecological tolerance. We also discovered strong domination of aquatic species at studied habitats.

Taxonomic diversity of benthic invertebrates of the Moskva River in the Moscow area: diversity and distribution

Biological diversity and distribution of benthic invertebrates in the Moskva River within the frames of Moscow are studied. Totally, 72 invertebrate taxa were found including 8 invasive species with amphipod Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebbing, 1899), an invader from the Lake Baikal. A number of observed species are characterized with high abundance and biomass while most of observed taxa are represented by a small number of individuals. The greatest species diversity was revealed for insect larvae, mainly due to Chironomidae. The main species on the investigated section of the river are various crustaceans, mainly amphipods and decapods (when present in samples) showing more than 70-90% of all biomass of zoobenthos at all stations (sites). Multivariate cluster analysis allowed concluding that bottom communities in Moskva River, the degree of their quantitative development, species richness and diversity are mainly influenced by the structure of bottom substrates rather than other factors. The most diverse benthic communities are presented on silty bottom with mixture of shells of mollusks and plant remains. The lowest diversity of benthic communities is characteristic for sites with relatively strong water and well washed sand as the main bottom substrate. Obtained data starts annual monitoring of the river at indicated stations using biological indicators, namely native amphipod Gammarus lacustris and invasive G. fasciatus .

PLOIDY LEVEL AND RELATIVE NUCLEAR DNA CONTENT IN THE PLANT CELL AND TISSUE CULTURE IN VITRO

We presented results of variations in the ploidy level and the genome size of the R. acetosa regenerants. These regenerants was obtained by indirect and direct morphogenesis in in vitro culture. Explants were prepared from seedlings on the three-leaf stage of plant development. More than 100 explants were used to stimulate the indirect and direct morphogenesis. Mesophilic explants were cultured on the MS nutrient medium containing auxin to callus proliferation (2 mg/L NAA, 1 mg/L BA). Cultivation of the callus was maintained for 4 weeks followed by an indirect morphogenes. Indirect morphogenesis stimulated on the MS medium with cytokinin and gibberellic acid predominance (0.5 mg/L BA, 0.2 mg/L GA3). Direct stimulate morphogenesis from the apical meristem of seedlings on nutrient media with a predominance of cytokinins (1 mg/L BA, 0.25 mg/L NAA). Rhizogenesis have stimulated by transferring of the regenerants to the ½MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L of NAA. Research of a ploidy level and genome size was performed by flow cytometry used propidium iodide staining with Vicia faba cv “Innovec” (2C=26.90 pg) as internal DNA standard. We calculated the relative DNA content (2C) for R. acetosa equal to 6,98 pg. Cytogenetical analisis showed that the maximum genome size variation recorded for regenerants obtained through the indirect morphogenesis. Variations in the genome size of the regenerants obtained by direct morphogenesis deviates from the control group to 0.30 pg (2С=7.28 pg) and after indirect morphogenesis to 1.04 pg (2С=8.2 pg). Cytogenetical analysis of the regenerated plants showed the presence of different somatic chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 14 to 2n = 28. The relative DNA content of tetraploid forms was 11.87 pg. In our study was shown, that the most effective method of plant conservation in the in vitro culture is a direct morphogenesis. Analysis of the relative nuclear DNA content and chromosome counts of regenerants obtained by indirect morphogenesis from the callus cultures showed significant variations in the DNA content, as well as the appearance of polyploid forms. Therefore, long-term cultivation of callus cultures increases the probability of genomic aberrations, which reduces the stability of the plant genome.