A. Van Rie
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Network
Latest external collaboration on country level. Dive into details by clicking on the dots.
Publication
Featured researches published by A. Van Rie.
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease | 2012
A. Van Rie; K. Mellet; M-A. John; Lesley Scott; Liesl Page-Shipp; Heather Dansey; Thomas C. Victor; Robin M. Warren
The World Health Organization had endorsed Xpert® MTB/RIF (Xpert) as the initial diagnostic for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) or TB suspects co-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. We investigated an unexpected case of rifampicin (RMP) resistance on Xpert using repeat Xpert, smear microscopy, MTBDRplus assay, culture, drug susceptibility testing, spoligotyping and rpoB gene sequencing. A false-positive result was most likely, given the wild type rpoB gene sequence and exclusion of both mixed infection and mixture of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant populations. When decentralising Xpert, test performance characteristics need to be understood by health care workers and methods of confirmation of RMP resistance need to be accessible.The World Health Organization had endorsed Xpert® MTB/RIF (Xpert) as the initial diagnostic for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) or TB suspects co-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. We investigated an unexpected case of rifampicin (RMP) resistance on Xpert using repeat Xpert, smear microscopy, MTBDRplus assay, culture, drug susceptibility testing, spoligotyping and rpoB gene sequencing. A false-positive result was most likely, given the wild type rpoB gene sequence and exclusion of both mixed infection and mixture of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant populations. When decentralising Xpert, test performance characteristics need to be understood by health care workers and methods of confirmation of RMP resistance need to be accessible.
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease | 2013
A. Van Rie; Liesl Page-Shipp; Colleen Hanrahan; K. Schnippel; Heather Dansey; Jean Bassett; Kate Clouse; Lesley Scott; Wendy Stevens; Ian Sanne
OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical utility and cost of point-of-care Xpert® MTB/RIF for the diagnosis of smear-negative tuberculosis (TB). DESIGN Cohort study of smear-negative TB suspects at a South African primary care clinic. Participants provided one sputum sample for fluorescent smear microscopy and culture and an additional sample for Xpert. Outcomes of interest were TB diagnosis, linkage to care, patient and provider costs. RESULTS Among 199 smear-negative TB suspects, 16 were positive by Xpert, 15 by culture and 7 by microscopy. All cases identified by Xpert began anti-tuberculosis treatment the same or next day; only one of five Xpert-negative culture-positive cases started treatment after 34 days. Xpert at point of care offered similar diagnostic yield but a faster turnaround time than smear and culture performed at a centralized laboratory. Compared to smear plus culture, Xpert (at US
South African Medical Journal | 2013
A. Van Rie; Kerrigan McCarthy; Lesley Scott; Anna Dow; Willem Daniel Francois Venter; Wendy Stevens
9.98 per cartridge) was US
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease | 2015
Colleen Hanrahan; Kate Clouse; Jean Bassett; Lillian Mutunga; Katerina Selibas; Wendy Stevens; Lesley Scott; Ian Sanne; A. Van Rie
3 less expensive per valid result (US
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease | 2015
T. Van Den Handel; K. H. Hampton; Ian Sanne; Wendy Stevens; R. Crous; A. Van Rie
21 vs. US
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease | 2015
Kerrigan McCarthy; Lesley Scott; Natasha Gous; M. Tellie; Willem Daniel Francois Venter; Wendy Stevens; A. Van Rie
24) and only US
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease | 2011
Aaron M. Kipp; Petchawan Pungrassami; Paul W. Stewart; Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong; Ronald P. Strauss; A. Van Rie
6 more costly per case identified (US
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease | 2015
Christopher K. Lippincott; Melissa B. Miller; A. Van Rie; D. J. Weber; Arlene C. Seña; Jason E. Stout
266 vs. US
South African Medical Journal | 2013
Francesca Conradie; T Mabiletsa; M Sefoka; S Mabaso; R Louw; Denise Evans; A. Van Rie
260). CONCLUSION Xpert is an effective method of diagnosing smear-negative TB. It is cost saving for patients, especially if performed at point of care, but it is costly for health care providers. Data-driven studies are needed to determine its cost-effectiveness in resource-poor settings with diverse diagnostic practices.
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease | 2016
Helen McIlleron; H. Hundt; W. Smythe; A. Bekker; Jana Winckler; L. van der Laan; P. Smith; H. J. Zar; Anneke C. Hesseling; Gary Maartens; Lubbe Wiesner; A. Van Rie
BACKGROUND Tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) are both recommended for routine screening of healthcare workers (HCWs) in low tuberculosis (TB)-burden countries. More recently, based on scarce data, the World Health Organization strongly recommended that IGRA should not be used for occupational screening in high-burden settings. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) determined among highly exposed HCWs and low-exposed medical students in Johannesburg, South Africa. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional study using both TSTs and IGRAs to determine the prevalence rate of LTBI in 79 medical students and 120 HCWs providing HIV and/or TB care. RESULTS The prevalence of LTBI among HCWs was 2- to 4-fold higher than that among medical students (56.7% v. 26.6% TST-positive; 69.2% v.15.2% IGRA-positive, respectively), with 3-fold higher odds for TST positivity and 12-fold higher odds for IGRA positivity among HCWs compared with students. Despite the perception of being at high risk, few HCWs protected themselves against LTBI. The majority of HCWs reported that they would participate in annual TST or IGRA screening. CONCLUSION Infection control strategies and occupational screening programmes for professional and lay HCWs, as well as medical students, should be implemented in all high-burden settings. Further research is needed to determine whether IGRA or TST is the optimal assay for periodical screening of HCWs in high-burden settings.