Ab Saman Kader

The Utilization Potential of Rice Husk as an Alternative Energy Source for Power Plants in Indonesia

The utilization of rice husk as an alternative fuel for the power plant in Indonesia is still under study. In present, steam power plants in Indonesia are still using coal fuel. This study was conducted to obtain data on the development potential of rice husk within 12 years duration. The potential of rice husk for each province was obtained by analyzing the rice production of 22 provinces that have rice production greater than 1 million tons per year. The study shows that the potential of rice husk and potential electrical energy increased by about 36.8% within 12 years or an average increase of around 3.1% per year. For the potential of rice husk in 22 provinces, the total gain was estimated 12.76 × 106 tons which is equivalent to 6.62 × 106 tons of coal or equivalent to 3.68 × 106 tons of oil. The available capacity of power plants is around 5,664 MW with the potential of electric energy is around 49,622 GWh. This potential is equivalent to 50% of the energy needs of coal in Indonesia in 2011, which was about 99,312 GWh. In conclusion, rice husk is indeed potential to be used as an alternative fuel in power plants thanks to its increasing yearly production and ability for distribution to all provinces in Indonesia.

Fabrication of Low-Cost, Cementless Femoral Stem 316L Stainless Steel Using Investment Casting Technique

Total hip arthroplasty is a flourishing orthopedic surgery, generating billions of dollars of revenue. The cost associated with the fabrication of implants has been increasing year by year, and this phenomenon has burdened the patient with extra charges. Consequently, this study will focus on designing an accurate implant via implementing the reverse engineering of three-dimensional morphological study based on a particular population. By using finite element analysis, this study will assist to predict the outcome and could become a useful tool for preclinical testing of newly designed implants. A prototype is then fabricated using 316L stainless steel by applying investment casting techniques that reduce manufacturing cost without jeopardizing implant quality. The finite element analysis showed that the maximum von Mises stress was 66.88 MPa proximally with a safety factor of 2.39 against endosteal fracture, and micromotion was 4.73 μm, which promotes osseointegration. This method offers a fabrication process of cementless femoral stems with lower cost, subsequently helping patients, particularly those from nondeveloped countries.

Combustion Characteristics Modeling of Rice Husk as Fuel for Power Plant in Indonesia

This study was conducted to obtain a model combustion characteristic of rice husk as fuel at power plants in Indonesia. It is expected to be one of the solutions to meet the needs of electrical energy in Indonesia. Modeling characteristics performed using Ansys Fluent software. Modeling results obtained maximum gas temperature at bed about 1600 K. Temperature and CO2, CO, H2O occurs fluctuation in the combustion zone to at distance of 4.66 m from the fuel inlet. Maximum combustion temperature at the base of the furnace about 1600 K and the furnace exit around 967 K. Temperature distributions in the bed and the furnace is uneven due to incomplete combustion of gas in the bed and the fuel air mixture ratio is not appropriate (stoicheometric). Combustion gases in the furnace, ie CO2, CO, H2O fluctuations at the basic furnace, the furnace chamber, and the furnace exit. It was concluded that the model of combustion characteristics of rice husk can be used as a basis for assessing the feasibility of utilization as fuel for power plants.

Potential Surplus of Rice Straw as a Source of Energy for Rural Communities in Indonesia

This study was conducted to identify the potential surplus of rice straw as a source of energy for rural communities in Indonesia. Rural communities need a source of energy for electrical energy and small industry. Determination of the potential surplus of rice straw performed by compared the total potential of rice straw produced and portion used for other usage such as animal feed and raw materials for industry. The remainder wasted was named as a potential surplus of rice straw in this study that can be used as fuel. The study shows the potential of rice straw in total, for animal feed, for industries raw materials, and for energy source. Each of which has increased average about 2% per year or increased about 10% over 5 years (2009-2013). The study is expected to be one of the alternative sources of energy to meet the electrical energy needs and energy requirements for small industries on rural communities in Indonesia.

The Potential Energy of Plastic Solid Waste as Alternative Fuel for Power Plants in Indonesia

Studies on the potential of plastic solid waste (PSW) as a fuel supplement for power plant was conducted to determine the potential energy and economic value in Indonesia. In analyzing the potential energy and economic value of PSW, 15 cities provinces having municipal solid waste production of greater than 1,000 tons/day were selected. The study showed that with the total potential of PSW of around 693 tons/day, the electrical energy potential available is around 7,987 MWh/day. The PSW equivalent with coal is approximately 1,065 tons/day, and its equivalent to the oil is around 593 tons/day. In conclusion, the PSW is an environmental pollution material but have the energy and economic potential to be used as a fuel supplement for the power plants. Thereby, it can save the use of coal by means co-combustion with PSW and at the same time be able overcome the environmental problems caused by pollution PSW in Indonesia.

Established Slack-Based Measure in Container Terminal for Risk Assessment

Container terminal is a dynamic interface worldwide. It portrays national capability in trading with outsider via seaborne. This research aims at measuring operational risk within container terminal besides its efficiency. By means of identify and apply DEA technique towards operationalisation of supply chain and risk, this research is providing final outcome with no adjusted risk rank order of decision-making unit (DMU). A panel data from 6 container terminals in Peninsular Malaysia are retrieved from 2003 until 2010. In turn, 8 years of data with 6 terminals resulting 48 container terminal DMUs. Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) and Super Slacks-Based Measure (SSBM) are used for risk solution. The findings of the research express efficiency based on the allocation of resources must be optimised to achieve optimum outcome. SBM and SSBM findings indicate that no adjusted risks are significantly related with size, planning, equipment and volume of cargoes. This is critical as container segments give a significant contribution to terminal operators. In addition, container terminal is competitive industry, as Malaysia is competing not only with neighbouring countries but also with Asian countries in particular and the world in general.

Experimental Analysis of Kenaf Filament Wound Tubes under Axial Compression Load

The objective of this study was to determine the strength of kenaf filament wound tubes under axial compression load. Kenaf is natural reinforcement fibre in which need to explore its capability to replace and compare with other common commercial reinforcement materials. Axial compression test was performed as early indication to identify the performance of kenaf filament wound composite tubes. Comparisons have been done towards basalt, e-glass and carbon tubes using polyester as a resin. Axial compression test of kenaf/polyester and kenaf/epoxy tubes were conducted with different winding angles involved which are 450, 550, 650 and 750. The result shows the 450 kenaf/epoxy tubes generated the higher compressive strength followed by other winding angle in the ascending order. The layer strength identification have been conducted in 550 winding angle sample in which indicate the increment layer of winding is uniform between one, two and three layers in ascending orders. Comparison between the different reinforcement materials show carbon tubes produced the higher compressive strength followed by e-glass, basalt and kenaf. Kenaf/epoxy recorded 38.7% lower the e-glass tubes. Kenaf/epoxy tubes were observed to identify the improvement from kenaf/polyester tubes and results shows at least 22% increment have been generated. It can be concluded that kenaf presence as a reinforcement material was successfully combine as composite system under axial compressive load as well as lead to the promising indication to be introduced in low load bearing application.

Energy Absorption of Basalt Filament Wound Rectangular Tubes: Experimental Study

The objective of this study was to determine the energy absorption of basalt filament wound rectangular tubes under crushing test. Basalt fibre gained a lot of potential in various application due to low cost of this material together with its capability to breaking the domination of e-glass as a reinforcement material. Coupon tensile and axial compression (crushing) test were performed to investigate the strength and energy absorption performance of basalt filament wound rectangular tubes. Both test have been conducted using [±700]3 winding angle of sample configuration and comparison have been made in coupon test in which the basalt sample shows 8.7% higher than e-glass while produced opposite results in modulus of elasticity. Crushing test was performed in 25mm displacement with different loading rate which are 5, 10 and 15mm/min. The results obtained from three different conditions were compared showing a higher energy absorbed in the lower loading rate. The comparable crashworthiness of basalt suggest possible applications such as automotive industry which is requires a good energy absorb materials in some particular components.