Abdeen Mustafa Omer

Biogas energy technology in Sudan

Biogas from biomass appears to have potential as an alternative energy in Sudan, which is potentially rich in biomass resources. This is an overview of some salient points and perspectives of biogas technology in Sudan. The current literature is reviewed regarding the ecological, social, cultural and economic impacts of biogas technology. Sudan is blessed with abundant solar, wind, hydro, and biomass resources. Results suggest that biogas technology must be encouraged, promoted, invested, implemented, and demonstrated, but especially for remote rural areas.

Energy use and environmental impacts: A general review

Globally, buildings are responsible for approximately 40% of the total world annual energy consumption. Most of this energy is for the provision of lighting, heating, cooling, and air conditioning. Increasing awareness of the environmental impact of CO2 and NOx emissions and chlorofluorocarbons triggered a renewed interest in environmentally friendly cooling and heating technologies. Under the 1997 Montreal Protocol, governments agreed to phase out chemicals used as refrigerants that have the potential to destroy stratospheric ozone. It was therefore considered desirable to reduce energy consumption and decrease the rate of depletion of world energy reserves and pollution of the environment. One way of reducing building energy consumption is to design buildings that are more economical in their use of energy for heating, lighting, cooling, ventilation, and hot water supply. Passive measures, particularly natural or hybrid ventilation rather than air conditioning, can dramatically reduce primary energy con...

Solar water pumping clean water for Sudan rural areas

The Republic of Sudan in Eastern Africa has one of the fastest growing economies in Africa. However, its remotely isolated rural areas pose problems to rural energy management and development because of poor road links with the urban centres, and remoteness from the national electrical transmission grid. Development of renewable energy sources, therefore, has a vast potential in Sudan. Solar energy, with excellent sunshine of over 3000 h per year, is of paramount importance, the applications of which are already quite siginficant and are growing at steady rate. Solar energy is suitable for small-scale water pumping in remote areas where the demand is regular, such as for drinking water, but it may also be used for irrigation. Most areas in Sudan have climates suitable for solar pumping. A review is given of the use of solar energy for water pumping to improve the living conditions of the population in rural areas and to develop techniques for utilization of solar energy in a tropical environment condition. Results, suggests that, solar powered water pumping must be encouraged, promoted, invested, implemented, and demonstrated by full scale in Sudan.

Compilation and evaluation of solar and wind energy resources in Sudan

A number of years worth of data concerning the solar radiation on a horizontal surface, sunshine duration and wind speed in Sudan have been compiled, evaluated and presented in this article.

Diffuse solar radiation over Shambat, Khartoum North

There are many locations where no measured data on diffuse radiation are available and have to be estimated from empirical correlations. Here, using correlations for predicting monthly mean daily diffuse radiation on a horizontal surface for locations in Sudan, from the experimental data of Shambat station, the applicability of the developed equations were tested by estimating monthly mean daily diffuse radiation for the location.

Renewable energy technology applications in the Sudan

A review of renewable energy activities in Sudan were presented in this paper. Biomass, wind, and solar energy databased were developed and a number of resource technology combinations were explored. Results, suggests that, renewable energy must be implemented and demonstrated by full scale in Sudan.

Wind energy in Sudan

Wind data for 70 stations in Sudan have been analysed. Yearly wind speeds map was drawn. Results suggest that wind power would be more profitably used for local and small-scale applications.

Drinking Water from Solar Stills: A Renewable Technology for Sudan

The harsh climate in the Red Sea area, for example the Sudan, presents unique challenges in meeting growing demands for power and water. The international demand for water increases compared to the available water resources. Many areas, and especially in the Red Sea areas already experience a serious shortage of potable water and this is likely to grow. These areas enjoy, however, a high intensity of solar energy. Among the renewable energy options that have received special attention are solar stills. A solar still was built based on the principle of the packed tray array for tandem distillation and heat recovery. This article provides a brief overview of efforts to expand such renewable technologies in the Sudan in a cost-effective and sustainable way, and the environmental benefits associated with displacing fossil fuels.

Energy in Sudan

Sudan is an agricultural country with fertile land, plenty of water resources, livestock, forestry resources, and agricultural residues. An overview of the energy situation in Sudan is introduced with reference to the end uses and regional distribution. Energy sources are divided into two main types: conventional energy (biomass, petroleum products, and electricity); and non-conventional energy (solar, wind, hydro, etc.). Sudan possesses a relatively high abundance of sunshine, solar radiation, and moderate wind speeds, hydro, and biomass energy resources. Application of new and renewable sources of energy available in Sudan is now a major issue in the future energy strategic planning for the alternative to the fossil conventional energy to provide part of the local energy demand. Sudan is an important case study in the context of renewable energy. It has a long history of meeting its energy needs through renewables. Sudans renewables portfolio is broad and diverse, due in part to the countrys wide range of climates and landscapes. Like many of the African leaders in renewable energy utilisation, Sudan has a well-defined commitment to continue research, development, and implementation of new technologies. Sustainable low-carbon energy scenarios for the new century emphasise the untapped potential of renewable resources. Rural areas of Sudan can benefit from this transition. The increased availability of reliable and efficient energy services stimulates new development alternatives. It is concluded that renewable environmentally friendly energy must be encouraged, promoted, invested, implemented, and demonstrated by full-scale plant especially for use in remote rural areas of Sudan.

Wind energy in Sudan: Water pumping in rural areas

Abstract New and renewable sources of energy can make an increasing contribution to the energy supply mix of developing countries in view of favourable renewable energy resource endowments, limitations and uncertainties of fossil fuel supplies, adverse balance of payments, and the increasing pressure on the environment from conventional energy generation. Among the renewable energy technologies, the generation of mechanical and electric power by wind machines has emerged as an economically viable and cost effective option. Therefore the Sudanese government has begun to pay more attention to the use of wind energy in rural areas in particular as a cost-effective solution to assist in water pumping and irrigation.