Abdellah Farah

Composition chimique et activité antimicrobienne des huiles essentielles de Thymus capitatus et de Thymus bleicherianus du Maroc

RésuméCe travail vise l’étude de l’activité antibactérienne et antifongique et de la composition chimique des huiles essentielles de Thymus capitatus et de Thymus bleicherianus du Maroc. Les échantillons de Thymus capitatus ont fourni le rendement le plus élevé: 2,05 % contre 1,75 % pour Thymus bleicherianus. Les analyses chromatographiques (CG et CG/SM) ont montré que l’huile essentielle de Thymus capitatus contient le carvacrol (70,92 %) comme constituant majoritaire et que celle de Thymus bleicherianus est dominée par l’a-terpinène (42,20 %) et le thymol (23,90 %). L’activité antimicrobienne des deux huiles essentielles a été étudiée vis-à-vis de sept micro-organismes. Pour l’huile essentielle de Thymus capitatus, Bacillus subtilus et Penicillium expansum sont les plus sensibles, ils ont été inhibés à partir de 1/3000 v/v. Quant à l’huile essentielle de Thymus bleicherianus, toutes les souches bactériennes ont été inhibées à faible concentration de 1/2000 v/v. Cette bioactivité est due principalement à la richesse de ces essences en carvacrol et en thymol qui sont connus pour leur efficacité contre les agents microbiens. L’effet inhibiteur de ces huiles sur le développement bactérien et fongique laisse entrevoir des perspectives d’application dans les domaines de l’industrie alimentaire, cosmétique et pharmaceutique.AbstractThis work studies the chemical composition and antifungal and antibacterial activities of the essential oils of Moroccan Thymus capitatus and Thymus bleicherianus. The samples of Thymus capitatus provided the highest yield: 2.05 % as against 1.75% for Thymus bleicherianus. The chromatographic analyses (GC and GC/MS) showed that the main constituent of essential oil of Thymus capitatus is carvacrol (70.92 %), while essential oil of Thymus bleicherianus contains mainly α-terpinene (42.2%) and thymol (23.9%). Antimicrobial activity of the two essential oils was studied with respect to seven microorganisms. For essential oil of Thymus capitatus, Bacillus subtilus and Penicillium expansum were most sensitive, being inhibited as from 1/3000 v/v. As for essential oil of Thymus bleicherianus, however, all bacterial strains were inhibited at concentrations as weak as 1/2000 v/v. This bioactivity is due mainly to their high carvacrol and thymol content, substances known for their effectiveness against microbial agents. The inhibiting effect of these oils on bacterial and fungal development indicates their potential use in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.

Composition chimique et activités antimicrobienne et insecticide de l'huile essentielle de Mentha rotundifolia du Maroc

Abstract The chemical composition and the antimicrobial and insecticidal activities of the essential oil in Mentha rotundifolia were studied. The essential oil is rich in pulegone (85%). The susceptibility of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), fungi (Trametes pini, Aspergillus niger, Pénicillium parasiticus) and insects of cereal (Rhyzopertha dominica and Sitophilus oryzae) with respect to the essential oil of Mentha rotundifolia was studied at different concentrations. At the 1/1000V/V concentration, the essential oil inhibited all bacteria and fungi, whereas at 6,5.10−2 ml/cm3 concentration, the essential oil destroyed all cereals insects.

Composition chimique et activité antimicrobienne des huiles essentielles extraites par hydrodistillation fractionnée du bois de Cedrus atlantica Manetti

Abstract Hydrodistillation of Cedrus atlantica wood yielded an essential oil (2.78% v/w) contained E-α-atlantone (28.75%), β-himachalene (14.62%), himachalol (7.11%), α-himachalene (5.72%), Z-α-atlantone (5.16%), γ-himachalene (4.82%), deodarone (4.42%), isocedranol (3.52%) and 1-epicubenol (2.71%) as major constituents. The fractional distillation of this wood give four fractions: the first rich of alcohols (26.40%) and ketones (32.74%), the second characterized by ketones (38.73%), sesquiterpene (25.79%) and terpenic alcohols (15.01%), the third and fourth predominated by ketones (42.16% and 44.38%) and sesquiterpenes (27.75% and 27.97%). A biotest carried out with crude essential oil and its fractions showed an antimicrobial activity mainly observed in those fractions rich of terpenols. This essential oil could be considered as a natural antibacterial and insecticide source.

Composition chimique et activités antibactérienne et antifongique des huiles essentielles extraites des feuilles d'Eucalyptus camaldulensis et de son hybride naturel (clone 583)

Abstract Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and its natural hybrid (clone 583) and pure 1,8-cineole activity were studied. Results showed that hybrid contains more 1,8- cineole than parental species. Hybridization improved rate of this product to the detriment of the other components. The sensitivity of bacterias and fungi with respect to essential oils was studied at different concentrations. No activity was detected for the 1,8-cineole. For essential oils hybrid, the 1/100 V/V concentration was necessary to avoid germs activities. At 1/500 V/V concentration, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger are more sensitive with respect to essential oils of E. camaldulensis. Inhibition of Bacillus subtilis, Trametes pini and Pénicillium parasiticus required a concentration of 1/250 V/V.

Composition chimique et activité antimicrobienne de l'essence de térébenthine du pin maritime (Pinus pinaster) et du pin d'Alep (Pinus hale- pensis) du Maroc

Abstract This work tries to determine the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the turpentine of two moroccan pines species, the maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) from Mamora and the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) from Rommani. The gum object of this study comes from a sample of 40 trees of every pine species. The turpentines chemical composition of these two species is characterized by a high percentage of α-pinene as main compound: 77% and 89% are respectively fund for the maritime pine and the Aleppo pine. Also, β- pinene, camphene, myrcene, Δ-3-carene, limonene and caryophyllene were also detected in turpentine of these species. A biotest of the turpentine of these two species of pines showed the efficiente antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Composition chimique et bioactivité des huiles essentielles de deux provenances d’Ocimum canum S. de l’île de la Grande Comore

RésuméCe travail vise l’étude de l’activité antifongique et antibactérienne et la composition chimique de deux lots d’huiles essentielles d’Ocimum canum Sims, récoltées dans deux régions de l’île de la Grande Comore: Maweni-Dimani et Ivoini-Mitsamihouli. Le rendement en huile essentielle d’Ocimum canum de Maweni-Dimani (2,06%) est supérieur à celui de d’Ivoini-Mitsamihouli (1,4%). La première provenance présente le 1,8-cinéole (48,88 %), le camphre (14,98%), l’α-pinène (5,71%), β-pinène (4,66%) et γ-élémène (3,91%) comme constituants majoritaires. L’huile essentielle d’Ocimum canum de provenance d’Ivoini-Mitsamihouli est constituée majoritairement par le 1,8-cinéole (34,22%), le camphre (13,69%), le propanoate d’isopropyle (9,13%), le γ-élémène (5,43%) et l’α-pinène (3,83%). Les tests biologiques ont montré que les huiles essentielles des deux provenances sont actives contre tous les micro-organismes testés.AbstractThis work aims to study of antibacterial and antifungical activities and chemical composition of essential oils of Ocimum canum Sims, harvested in the regions of Maweni-Dimani and Ivoini-Mitsamihouli on the island of Grande Comore. The yields of essential oil showed that Ocimum canum from Maweni-Dimani (2.06%) is higher than for Ivoini-Mitsamihouli (1.4%). The first one essential oil presents 1,8-cineole (48.88%), camphor (14.98%), α-pinene (5.71%), β-pinene (4.66%) and γ-elemene (3.91%) as predominate constituents. The second sample is mainly composed by 1,8-cineole (34.22%), camphor (13.69%), isopropyl propanoate (9.13%), γ-elemene (5.43%) and α-pinene (3.83%). The antimicrobial activity of two essential oils of two sources has been studied against eleven microorganisms. The essential oil of Ivoini-Mitsamihouli inhibits bacteria, fungus and mildews particularly at low concentrations compared to that of Maweni-Dimani.

Antibacterial activity of Thymus pallidus Batt. and determination of the chemical composition of its essential oil.

Abstract Thymus pallidus Batt. (Lamiaceae) is an endemic species of the Centre—South of Morocco. We report here the study of the antibacterial activity of this plant and the determination of the chemical composition of its essential oil. Thus, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts and the essential oil of T. pallidus are able to inhibit the growth of different bacterial species: Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Mycobacterium smegmatis MC2 155 and Mycobacterium aurum A+. Moreover, the GC/MS analysis of the chemical composition of the essential oil of T. pallidus showed that the mains components of this oil are: α-terpinene (42,21%), thymol (23,95%) and β-ocymene (8,3%).

Composition chimique et activité antibactérienne et antifongique de l'huile essentielle d'Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. du Maroc

Abstract The aim of this work is to study the chemical composition and the antifongic and antibacterial activity of Moroccan Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. essential oil. Ammi visnaga samples provide 0.27% of essential oil. Amyle isobutyrate (16%), linalool (22.7%), isoamyl methyl-2-butyrate (27.7%) and amyl valerate (10%) are the principal chemical components. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was evaluated against six microorganisms. Escherichia coli is inhibited at 1/500 V/V concentration, whereas Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus are not inhibited on and after the 1/250 V/V concentration. At the 1/100 V/V concentration, the essential oil inhibited all studied fungi. The bioactivity of Ammi visnaga essential oils is due to the presence of linalool and their derivatives which are known for their effectiveness against the microbial agents.

Volatile Components and Antibacterial Profile of Essential Oils Extracted from Leaves and Twigs of Pistacia lentiscus L.

Aims: The present work aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of essential oils of two different parts of Pistacia lentiscus (leaves and twigs) and to determine their chemical composition. Study Design: An experimental study Place and Duration of Study:

Composition chimique, activité antimicrobiennne et antioxydante de l’huile essentielle de Thymus zygis du Maroc

RésuméCe travail vise l’étude de la composition chimique, de l’activité antioxydante et antimicrobienne de l’huile essentielle (HE) de Thymus zygis du Maroc vis-à-vis de quatre bactéries, de trois moisissures et de quatre champignons de pourriture du bois. Les analyses chromatographiques (CG/FID, CG/SM) ont montré que l’HE de Thymus zygis est caractérisée par la présence du thymol (33,02 %), d’o-cymène (32,02 %) et du β-E-ocimène (11,90 %), accompagnés d’autres composés à des teneurs relativement faibles : linalol (3,99 %), carvacrol (2,69 %), β-pinène (2,08 %), bornéol (1,56 %), E-caryophyllène (1,51 %), 1,4-cinéole (1,49 %) et tricyclène (1,34 %). L’activité antioxydante déterminée par le test DPPH a montré que l’HE présente un fort potentiel antioxydant avec l’IC 50 = 75,97 ± 0,86 μg/ml, en comparaison à d’autres espèces de thym de la littérature. Aux concentrations étudiées, l’essence a manifesté une forte activité antibactérienne et antifongique. Cette bioactivité est due principalement à la richesse de cette essence en thymol connu pour son efficacité contre les agents microbiens.AbstractThis work studies the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Thymus zygis of Morocco against four bacteria, three fungi and four wood-decay fungi. The chromatographic analysis (GC/FID and GC/MS) showed that the essential oils of Thymus zygis is characterized by the presence of thymol (33.02%), o-cymene (32.02%) and β-E-ocimene (11.90%) along with other compounds at relatively low levels: linalool (3.99%), carvacrol (2.69%), β-pinene (2.08%), borneol (1.56%), E-caryophyllene (1.51%), 1,4-cineole (1.49%) and tricyclene (1.34%). The antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH test showd that the essential oils has a high antioxidant potential with IC 50 = 75.97±0.86 μg/ml, compared to others species of thyme in the literature. At the concentrations studied, the essence showed a strong antibacterial and antifungal activity. This bioactivity is due mainly to the richness of this species in thymol known for its effectiveness against microbial agents.