Abdoulaye Camara

Not Just Fuel: Food and Technology from Trees and Shrubs in Falia, Saloum Delta (Senegal)

Ethnoarchaeological and ethnobotanical studies help to generate hypotheses that can be used to assist in interpreting archaeological records. Woody plants remain an important primary raw material resource for the fisher-gatherer people of the Saloum Delta in Senegal. The aim of this study is to document the uses of these resources within the traditional economy as well as to gain an understanding of the skills associated with obtaining, processing, and using these plants here. We have registered uses for 25 species. The anatomical parts that are used are the leaves, phloem, wood, roots, palm leaf stalks, and bark.

Modern drought conditions in western Sahel unprecedented in the past 1600 years

As climate model uncertainties remain very large for future rainfall in the Sahel, a multi-centennial perspective is required to assess the situation of current Sahel climate in the context of global warming. We present here the first record of hydroclimatic variability over the past 1600xa0years in Senegal, obtained from stable oxygen isotope analyses (δ18O) in archaeological shell middens from the Saloum Delta. During the preindustrial period, the region was relatively humid, with maximum humidity reached during the period from AD 1500 to AD 1800, referred to as the Little Ice Age. A significant negative link is observed at the centennial scale between global temperature and humidity in the Sahel that is at odds with the expected effects of latitudinal shifts of the intertropical convergence zone during the last millennium. In the context of the past 1600xa0years, the Western Sahel appears to be experiencing today unprecedented drought conditions. The rapid aridification that started ca. AD 1800 and the recent emergence of Sahel drought from the natural variability point to an anthropogenic forcing of Sahel drying trend. This new long-term perspective suggests that the recovery of Sahel rainfall in the last decade may only result from short-term internal variability, and supports climate models that predict an increase of Sahel drought under future greenhouse climate.