Abdul Aziz Omar

Solubility of CO2 in an Aqueous Ammonium Based Ionic Liquid

The aim of this research is to find out the potential usage of water miscible ammonium based ionic liquids (ILs) towards CO2 capture. To measure the solubility of CO2 in 55 wt. % aqueous solution of Tetra butyl ammonium hydroxide (TBAOH), the experiments were carried out using high pressure solubility cell. Solubilities were determined in the temperature range of (303.15 to 333.15) K by varying the pressure from (2 to 10) bar and are reported as loading capacity (mol CO2/mol TBAOH). The solubility of CO2 in this aqueous IL decreased with increasing temperature and increased with increasing pressure.

Removal of Phosphate and Fluoride from Industrial Wastewater – A Short Review

Industries producing fertilizers, aluminium, steel, bricks, glass, and semiconductor discharge several thousand tons of phosphate and fluoride per year into the open atmosphere in the form of wastewater which cause many environmental issues as well as loss of drinking water. The objective of this review is to select the suitable method for the removal of phosphate and fluoride from industrial wastewater which is highly hazardous and acidic in nature. So that treated water can be reused for agricultural and industrial purposes. Industries discharge several thousand tons of phosphate and fluoride per year in the form of wastewater which cause many environmental issues and loss of drinking water. This review is provided with aimed a precise and accurate knowledge for the removal of phosphate and fluoride from industrial wastewater. A lot of technologies are available for the treatment of industrial wastewater treatment including chemical precipitation, crystallization, ion exchange, adsorption, reverse osmosis and nanofiltration methods. The selection of most suitable treatment technology is based on retention time, principle of operation, applications, chemicals and maintenance cost.

Visible-Light Photodegradation of Diisopropanolamine Using Bimetallic Cu-Fe/TiO2 Photocatalyst

Titania nanoparticles, TiO2 were synthesized via microemulsion method prior to monometallic (Fe, Cu) or bimetallic (CuFe) incorporation using wet impregnation method. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy and point of zero charge. The addition of metals, especially Cu enhanced the absorbance in the visible region. The lowest band gap was observed for the bimetallic Cu-Fe/TiO2 (2.77 eV) compared to bare TiO2 (3.05 eV). The performance of the photocatalysts for photodegradation of diisopropanolamine (DIPA) at pH 8 was determined using a batch glass reactor under simulated sunlight (980 W/m2). The best performance was displayed by Cu-Fe/TiO2 with the highest DIPA removal of 92%.

Hydrothermal synthesis of multiwalled TiO2 nanotubes and its photocatalytic activities for Orange II removal

ABSTRACT The solvothermal synthesis of multiwalled TiO2 nanotubes (MWTNTs) with the reaction of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at moderate temperature is presented. The kinetic and isotherm studies were investigated for Orange II removal mechanism. MWTNTs were prepared in length 70–200 nm, average diameter 4–10 nm, and inter-shell spacing 0.78 nm. Different characterizations were performed to confirm anatase and mesoporous structure of MWTNTs. An improvement in properties as compared to commercial TiO2 was observed; specific surface area 244.81 m2/g and band gap 3.0 eV. An excellent photocatalytic activity for Orange II removal was exhibited using synthesized MWTNTs.

Photodegradation of Aqueous Diisopropanolamine Using Cu/TiO2: Effect of Calcination Temperature and Duration

The effects of calcination temperature and duration during preparation of Cu/TiO2 photocatalyst were investigated. The photocatalysts were characterized using X-ray and BET specific surface area analyzer. It was observed that the temperature and duration during calcination process have a significant effect on the photocatalyst properties and photocatalytic activity. Optimum temperature and duration for the calcination of the synthesized photocatalyst were found to be at 450 °C and 1.5 h, respectively. Photodegradation study of aqueous diisopropanolamine solution (1000 ppm) using the prepared photocatalyst showed a significant COD removal under visible light irradiation. The photocatalyst calcined at optimum parameters gave the highest COD removal of 63%.

Cellulose-Modified Carbon Electrode for In Situ Lead Detection

Increasing contamination of water by trace levels of heavy metals has become major environmental threats leading to an increased demand for the detection and monitoring of metal contaminants. In this work, modification of carbon electrode with cellulose was reported to enhance Pb2+ detection. The interacting ability of cellulose on the electrode surface was evaluated for Pb2+ by using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. The deposition potential of –1.0 V in 0.1M acetate buffer for 240 sec, followed by square wave potential scan from-1.0 V to-0.2V were used. Stripping voltammogram showed current peaks corresponding to Pb2+. The sensitivity and selectivity of the modified electrodes for Pb2+ were also determined.

Hydrogen and Syngas Generation from Gasification of Coal in an Integrated Fuel Processor

Hydrogen is a clean and new energy carrier to generate power and effectively turned out through the gasification of organic material such as coal. The main objective of this manuscript is to present an analysis of the coal gasification for the generation of high-purity hydrogen in a lab-scale fixed-bed downdraft gasifier. Better understanding of the rank, formation, structure, composition and calorific value and method of analysis of the material is crucial for the proper utilization of these resources requires. Traditionally the quality of the Coal samples has been determined by their physical and proximate analysis, such as, bulk density, free swelling index, gross calorific value, sulfur, moisture, fixed carbon, volatile matter and ash content. In this study, coal is partially oxidized and ultimately converts into hydrogen rich syngas (CO and H2). As well, approximately 220 kg h−1 of coal would be gasified at 673–1073 K and 46.2 atm with the reactor volume 0.27m3 to obtain approximately 3.8×105 kcal h−1 of thermal energy during over 67% syngas generation with the generation of 110kW electrical powers.

Degradation Kinetic of Oxytetracycline Antibiotic inside UV Reactor in the Presence of H2O2

– Oxytetracycline (OTC), a widely used of veterinary antibiotic, was degraded inside a UV/H2O2 system. Kinetic study was conducted at 30°C of temperature and pH 6.37, as suggested by the previous optimization experiment. About 250, 375 and 500 ppm initial OTC concentration were used for the kinetic studies, at H2O2 concentration of 0.116 M. The experimental data were plotted against the pseudo zero-th, first and second order of kinetic. Based on regression coefficient value, the data was well fitted with the pseudo first order of kinetic. The calculated value of kobs was 0.181 min-1.

Development of Morphology Dependent Titania Nanomaterial for Photo Degradation of Dyes

Titania nanomaterial flower structure is synthesized through the ionothermal route and is used for the degradation of sulfan blue (SB) through the photo catalysis process. The ionic liquid used is 1-butyl-3-methypyridium dicyanamide ([Bmpm]DCN). The particle sizes and surface morphologies are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Three types of titania have been compared for their degradation performance, namely commercial titania (TP), titania nanotube (TN), and titania flower (TF). The size of the particle is found to be approximately 33 nm from the FE–SEM analysis. The BET measures the highest surface area of 220 m2 g-1 and pore volume of 0.15 cm3 g-1 for the TF. The degradation of binary dye is more favorable in alkaline solution with pH 14 while varying the dosage of the commercial TiO2 from 0.025–0.2 g reveals an increase in the rate of degradation with optimum dosage is found to be 0.2 g. Results show that TF degradation rate is higher as compared to TP and TN.

Optimization of Cu/TiO2 Preparation Variables Using Response Surface Method for Photodegradation of Diisopropanolamine

The Cu/TiO2 photocatalyst preparation variables namely Cu loading, calcination temperature and calcination duration were optimized using response surface methodology. A set of experiments were conducted to obtain the response data which was then analyzed using Design Expert software. The analysis of variance revealed that COD removal from aqueous DIPA solution fitted a quadratic polynomial model with high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.99). The Cu loading was found to be the most significant variable, which then followed by calcination time and the least significant variable was calcination temperature. The optimum condition for the preparation of Cu/TiO2 photocatalyst for photodegradation of aqueous diisopropanolamine solution was observed at 1.8 wt% Cu loading calcined at 425 °C for 1.0 h. At the optimum condition, 61.15 % of COD removal was achieved. The optimum conditions of the current study will be used for kinetic study.