Abdul Gaffar
Colgate-Palmolive
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Featured researches published by Abdul Gaffar.
Caries Research | 2002
L. Jannesson; S. Renvert; P. Kjellsdotter; Abdul Gaffar; N. Nabi; Dowen Birkhed
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of the combination of triclosan and xylitol in toothpaste on mutans streptococci (MS) in saliva and dental plaque. 155 individuals with >105 MS/ml saliva were included in a 6-month double-blind clinical study. They were divided into three groups (n = 51–52) balanced according to their MS counts at baseline. Each group used one of the following types of dentifrice: (1) Colgate Total© with the addition of 10% xylitol (Total-Xylitol), (2) Colgate© Total and (3) Colgate Total© without triclosan and without xylitol. Whole saliva and pooled plaque samples were obtained after 2, 4 and 6 months. When comparing the MS counts within the groups for saliva and plaque samples, Total-Xylitol showed significant reduction at all three sampling occasions (p < 0.001). Mean reduction at the 6-month sample for saliva was 0.81/ml and for plaque 0.89 per sample (log values). ANOVA revealed significant differences between Total-Xylitol and the two other products at 6 months for MS in saliva and dental plaque. The conclusion from this 6- month study is that the addition of 10% xylitol to a triclosan-containing dentifrice reduces the number of MS in saliva and dental plaque.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology | 2008
Prem K. Sreenivasan; Abdul Gaffar
Background Inflammatory processes with a range of specialized cells and biochemical mediators form a complex network of inter-related signal transducing pathways that relay information to preserve normal functions. Advances in molecular analyses of the information relay pathways for their constituents and principal ligands along with mechanisms utilized by the host for microbial recognition have stimulated interest in therapeutic agents with dual functionalities i.e. antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Aim This review examines clinically tested agents for oral health applications with both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects to include antibiotics, antimicrobials and phenolics. Results Bis-phenols such as triclosan, representing a unique dual functional therapeutic for routine oral hygiene, with its demonstrated clinical effects on inhibiting the dental plaque biofilm, reducing inflammation (gingivitis) and subsequent periodontitis is described. Cyclines, comprising another class of approved anti-inflammatory agents used at the patient level for oral health is discussed. Dual active agents in current clinical practice for systemic conditions are highlighted to summarize the clinical validity of dual function agents as an emerging therapeutic strategy. Conclusions Clinical studies demonstrate therapeutic benefits of agents with dual functionality with their effects on microorganisms and the concomitant host inflammatory response. Advances in microbial pathogenesis and resultant inflammation will facilitate progress in this emerging area poised to be a significant milestone for dental therapeutics
Journal of Dental Research | 1985
Abdul Gaffar; E.C. Moreno
The inhibitory activity of 2-phosphono-butane 1,2,4 tricarboxylic acid (PBTA) in the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) was studied in vitro and in vivo. PBTA, at 4 ppm, inhibited the spontaneous formation of HA in vitro from a supersaturated solution. PBTA, at 2 ppm, completely inhibited the crystal growth of HA; at lower concentrations, a direct relationship was found between the reduction of the initial precipitation rates and PBTA concentrations in the solution. The effects of PBTA on human dental enamel in vitro were also evaluated at pH 5.0 and 7.5. Equimolar levels of EDTA served as the controls. In comparison with EDTA, the dissolution of enamel induced by PBTA was negligible. One percent solution of PBTA was evaluated in a rat calculus assay. In comparison with a placebo solution, it significantly (p = 0.05) reduced calculus formation when applied topically. It was also tested against calculus formation in beagle dogs. A topical application once a day of a 1% solution at pH 7.0 reduced calculus formation by 84% for 16 weeks. Analysis of these data suggests that the agent effectively reduces calculus formation in vivo.
Colloids and Surfaces | 1987
Abdul Gaffar; A. Esposito; M. Bahl; L. Steinberg; Irwin D. Mandel
Abstract Four perfluoroalkyl surfactants were evaluated for their effects on the adsorption of bacteria onto teeth in vitro and in vivo effects on caries and gingivitis. Perfluoroalkyl sodium sulfonate (FAS) and perfluoroalkyl amino acid (FAA) showed minimum inhibition on the adsorption of S. mutans and A. viscosus to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (HA) beads or disks. 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2,4-pentadecadione (TFPD) was ineffective against the adsorption of S. mutans to coated HA disks and was inactive against caries in rats. TFPD was effective in inhibiting the adsorption of A. viscosus to saliva-coated HA and also significantly ( P =0.05) reduced gingivitis formation in primates when applied topically. Perfluorosulfoamido alkyl ester of phosphorous acid (PSAEP) was the most effective in inhibiting the bacterial adsorption to the coated HA. ESCA studies indicated that PSAEP adsorbed to the saliva-coated HA disks. The adsorption parameters derived from an isotherm on the coated disks were K =6.66×10 2 l M −1 and N =14.0×10 −8 M m −2 . At saturation concentration on the coated HA disks, PSAEP covered 18% of the available surface which gave 66% inhibition of the bacterial adsorption. PSAEP applied topically significantly ( P =0.05) reduced dental caries induced by S. mutans . Collectively, the results of these studies indicated that it was possible to reduce dental caries and gingivitis via treatment of teeth with specific perfluorosurfactants.
Journal of Dental Research | 1981
Abdul Gaffar; M.C. Solis-Gaffar; E. Tavss; H.W. Marcussen; Kedar N. Rustogi
An electrostatic complex of 0.1% benzethonium chloride (BTC) plus 0.05% copolymer of methoxyethylene and maleic acid was evaluated in vitro for antibacterial effect. The complex by itself showed as much antibacterial activity as 0.1% BTC. The adsorption of 14C-BTC on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disks and teeth in vitro was lower from the complex than the BTC solution, although in vivo activity was the same. The complex, BTC, and polymer solutions were evaluated in a 28-week study in 16 beagle dogs against plaque, gingivitis, and calculus formation. BTC and the complex significantly (α = 0.05) reduced plaque and gingivitis. There was no significant difference between the two active groups. BTC (0.1%) significantly increased calcified deposits at 22-28 wk compared to the water control group, while the complex and the polymer groups showed significantly (α = 0.05) less calculus. Thus, the complex was not only effective in vivo, but also significantly (α = 0.05) reduced tendencies of cationic antibacterials to induce calcified deposits on teeth.
Journal of Dental Research | 1981
Abdul Gaffar; Hollandra P. Niles; C.B. Davis
A low molecular weight oligomer of sulfoacrylic acid (ND-2) was effective in inhibiting hydroxyapatite formation in vitro at 33 ppm from a saturated solution of calcium and phosphate. The oligomer did not damage or etch human dental enamel in vitro at pH 5.0 and 7.5. It significantly reduced calculus formation when applied topically in beagles at a concentration of 1% in a rinse. In a second study using 30 beagle dogs, the rinses containing 0.1% CPC and 0.1% CPC + 2% ND-2 significantly reduced (a < 0.05) plaque and gingivitis for 12 wk when compared to a placebo rinse, One-tenth percent CPC rinse induced more discoloration of teeth than the placebo, while the rinse containing 0.1% CPC + 2% ND-2 had significantly less discoloration than CPC rinse or the placebo rinse in beagles. Thus the oligomer was effective in reducing CPC-induced discoloration in beagles.
Archives of Oral Biology | 1987
L. Aponte-Merced; Juan M. Navia; Abdul Gaffar; N. Fine
Relative 45Ca-uptake in vivo was determined by etchings after dentifrice application between 18 and 22 days of age; uptake increased and the Ca and P that dissolved decreased with application time. The mechanism of 45Ca-uptake from the dentifrice may be due to either isotopic exchange or to the precipitation or crystal growth of calcium and phosphate.
Caries Research | 1980
Abdul Gaffar; H.W. Marcussen
Four randomized groups of weanling golden hamsters were used to evaluate the effects of 0.025% chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (CH) in a cariogenic diet on the development of caries, and to relate chang
Archive | 2002
Abdul Gaffar; Edgard C. Moreno; John Afflitto; Yelloji Rao K. Mirajkar
Sodium polyvinylphosphonic acid (SPVPA) was synthesized using vinyl phosphonyl dichloride and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a radical initiator. The homopolymer obtained was characterized by molecular weight, purity and impurities by using gel permeation chromatography and NMR. The pure polymer was used to assess the influence on crystal growth kinetics of hydroxyapatite (HAP) in vitro. Briefly, the experimental solution supersaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite (HAP) was prepared from stock solutions of CaCl2, K2HPO4, KH2PO4, and NaCl. The crystal growth was initiated by adding pure seeds of HAP at 37 °C. The precipitation kinetics was followed using a pH-stat and measuring calcium phosphate in the solution. The effect of the polymer on the crystal growth kinetics was assessed, and it was found that the polymer inhibited the growth at 10−5 M. The inhibitory effect of the polymer was related to its adsorption onto the growing crystals. The adsorption parameters were derived from an adsorption isotherm-yielding a K value of 1,950 m1/mM and the N value of 0.038 mM/m2. A topical application of 1% solution of the polymer onto teeth was effective in reducing calculus formation by 18% in rat model system. SPVPA was also very effective in reducing adsorption (>90%) of radiolabelled bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, and Actinomyces viscosus, onto saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads and disks. The polymer was also tested in short-term human clinical studies and showed that 1% and 3% solutions significantly (P = 0.05) reduced bacterial plaque film on teeth by 21 to 36%, respectively. Collectively, the data indicated that the sodium polyvinylphosphonic acid has the potential to prevent soft and hard dental deposits on teeth.
Pharmaceutical Research | 1991
John Afflitto; Karen Ann Smith; Manoj Patel; Anthony Esposito; Elke Jensen; Abdul Gaffar
The inhibitory effect of PVM/MA copolymer on the alkaline phosphatase (AP) of E. coli was investigated. Kinetic studies indicated that enzyme inhibition was characterized by a reduction in both the Vmax and the Km. Addition of 1 mM zinc or magnesium ions to the reaction prevented inhibition of the enzyme by the copolymer. The inhibitory effect of the copolymer on alkaline phosphatase was also investigated using 113Cd NMR after exchange of the active center metal ions with 113Cd. The resulting Cd(II)6AP exhibited characteristic 113Cd resonances reflecting the environment of the A, B, and C metal binding sites of the enzymes active center. Addition of copolymer resulted in a 113Cd NMR spectrum which indicated removal of 113Cd from the C site and formation of two distinct forms of the enzyme. Possible explanations for the 113Cd NMR results are discussed.