Abdul-Monim Batiha

Self-Medication among School Students.

Self-medication, usually with over-the-counter (OTC) medication, is reported as a community health problem that affects many people worldwide. Most self-medication practice usually begins with the onset of adolescence. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Mafraq Governorate, Jordan, using a simple random sampling method to select 6 public schools from a total of 34 schools. The total sample consisted of 422 school students from Grades 7 through 12. Measures of central tendency and χ2 were used to compare the difference between the categorical variables. The prevalence of self-medication among the participants was 87.0%. Nearly 75% of self-medication was used for pain relief. The prevalence of self-medication among school students is very high and increases with age. School nurses and other local health-care workers must coordinate with school principals to disseminate health education campaigns about safe use of medication to provide awareness and education to school students, parents, and families.

Knowledge of Philadelphia University students regarding blood donation

To assess the knowledge of Philadelphia University students regarding blood donation.

Impact of radiotherapy treatment on Jordanian cancer patients' quality of life and fatigue

Introduction: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and for hypertensive patients to avoid complications and increase their quality of life its control is important. Factors affecting hypertension control might be not limited to the individual. In this study we review existing studies of factors related to hypertension control and evaluate these on four levels: individual, work/ family, community, and social. As the impact of factors may also differ between males and females, the effects of various factors on hypertension control were analyzed according to sex.Results: Four themes emerged from the data (1) CC was considered a ‘silent disease’ that could be detected with early screening. It was associated with extra marital sexual relations which had a negative impact on screening uptake. (2) Fear, pain, embarrassment of screening as well as cultural influences rather than religious beliefs negatively influenced uptake. (3) There was growing mistrust of allopathic medicine and impersonal influences in health care which negatively affected screening uptake and (4) Women who had been screened had little understanding of the causes of CC and only became aware of screening when they were pregnant or receiving fertility treatment.Background: It is a well-known fact that sudden cardiac arrest is the leading cause of death in the world. During such situations nurses are expected to be efficient and effective in the life saving measures. Objective: This quasi-experimental study was aimed to evaluate the effect of high fidelity simulation on the students learning of Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation. Methods: The knowledge instrument composed of 20 items (multiple choices) and the skills were observed by the 10 items (checklist) using 4-point likert scale. An experimental group attended lecture and practice training with Sim man 3G mannequin whereas the control group attended lecture and the practice training with the standard mannequin. Results: Independent t test showed a statistically significant difference in psychomotor retention in control group (t = 2.31. sig .030 (2 tailed), p> 0.05) between the immediate (M = 2.96, SD = .43) and delayed (M = 2.65, SD = .20) in teaching CPR. The result also gives significance difference between the experimental and control both for the immediate and delayed psychomotor test (t=6.96, sig..000, p˂0.05, 13.19 , t=13.9, sig. .000, p˂0.05 respectively) when examined the effect of the psychomotor between the experimental and control group in teaching CPR. Conclusion: The students who were trained with high fidelity mannequin performed better than the standard mannequin. This study emphasize on the incorporation of high fidelity simulation in the nursing program to enhance the knowledge and psychomotor skills of the students.T knowledge and skills required of today’s healthcare professionals far exceed expertise in traditional competency areas. The proper management of complex health conditions demands coordination of care by various health professionals. A multidisciplinary healthcare team supports the concept of leadership and teamwork as an essential component for success. There’s increasing evidence showing that clinical leadership is associated with high-performing healthcare organisations. Historically, these concepts have received relatively little attention in undergraduate curricula. In this presentation, the need of developing leadership courses, and to bring healthcare team members at one platform at an early stage will be explored. In addition, ways through which leadership and management theories, concepts and approaches can be utilised to develop such programs will be addressed. There are some key areas to focus upon, such as: 1) Leadership theory and practice, 2) Emotional Intelligence, 3) Setting Personal goals, 4) Setting vision and strategic direction, 5) Adaptive leadership, and 6) Understanding individual and organisational responses to change.Research Methodology: In this descriptive-correlative investigation, 95 members of the Association of Spinal Cord Injuries in Tehran were selected by simple random sampling method. Their quality of life and post-traumatic growth were studied in different aspects using France and Powers’ Questionnaire of Quality of Life Index for Spinal Cord Injury and Standard Questionnaire of Posttraumatic Growth Scale. Analysis of the data was performed with the help of SPSS 16 software utilizing descriptive and analytic statistical tests.Background: The distressing treatment of cancer whether chemotherapy or radiotherapy is associated with fatigue and has negative impact on patient quality of life (QOL). Objectives: The purposes of this study were to examine the impact of radiotherapy treatment on Jordanian cancer patients’ QOL and fatigue, and to explore the relationship between fatigue and QOL. Methods: One group quasi-experimental correlational design was used with 82 patients who had been diagnosed with cancer and required radiotherapy treatment. QOL was measured using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G). Fatigue was measured using Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS). Data were collected over a period of three months, and analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation, descriptive statistics and paired-sample t-test. Results: Significant differences were found between pre- and post- radiotherapy QOL mean total scores (t=19.3, df=79, P<0.05), as well as physical, emotional, sexual, and functional wellbeing dimensions. Statistically significant differences were found between pre- and post- radiotherapy fatigue mean total scores (t=-8.95, DF=79, P<0.05), as well as on behavioral, affective, sensory, and cognitive dimensions of PFS. Quality of life total scores correlated significantly and negatively with total fatigue scores (P<0.01). Conclusions: Exposure of cancer patient to radiotherapy treatment increased their fatigue level and decreased their QOL. Nurses should assess cancer patients before, during, and after their treatment to design proper interventions to reduce fatigue and enhance QOL.cause of death in women worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, breast cancer ranks first among cancerous diseases in females. Objectives: To investigate the level of breast cancer awareness among Saudi females in Tabuk, focusing on the knowledge of breast cancer signs, associated risk factors and breast self-examination. Methods: Crosssectional survey of 400 women attending the outpatient clinics of King Khalid Hospital in Tabuk city was carried out between 15 July and 30 August 2015 using self-administered questionnaire. Results: 35% of the Participants in this study aged between 26 and 35 years. The most widely known risk factor for breast cancer was family history (50%). The lowest level of knowledge of risk factor was regarding early menarche (3%) and late menopause (4%) and old age (14%). Other risk factors got moderate response, including lack of breast feeding, smoking, obesity (48%, 38%, and37.5%, respectively). Most of the participants (97.5%) identified breast mass as a symptom for breast cancer. However, nonlump symptoms were also known and more than half of the participants were aware of other warning signs such as bloody nipple discharge, skin change, change or retraction of nipple and change in shape/size of breast, accounting for 90%, 75 %, 71 %, and 68% respectively. Furthermore, as many as 71% of subjects identified breast self examination as an early detection measure for breast cancer. 98% of the Participants mentioned that they heard about breast self-examination (BSE). Only 74% of the participants correctly identified that BSE should be performed monthly but 38% had performed it. Conclusion: This study has shown that the participants have poor knowledge about breast cancer and its associated risk factors as well as breast self examination.

The Relationship Between Social Support and Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Among Patients With Coronary Artery Disease in the North of Jordan

Numerous studies have shown that social support improves health behaviors in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between adherence to a healthy lifestyle, and social support and selected sociodemographics among patients with CAD. Cross-sectional descriptive design was used. A convenient sample of 153 patients with CAD was recruited from the cardiac clinic in an educational hospital in the north of Jordan. One hundred and thirty-three patients completed the interview. Social support was the most significant predictor—t(124) = 9.51, p < .001—which explained 60% of variance in adherence to a healthy lifestyle. Providing patients with adequate social support improves adherence to a healthy lifestyle. More attention should be given to the elderly and patients with low income to enhance adherence to a healthy lifestyle. The applications of this study in practice provide a guide for nursing clinical assessment of social support for patients facing CAD.

Workplace violence toward emergency department staff in Jordanian hospitals: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Workplace violence against emergency department staff (EDS) is considered one of the most common and widespread phenomena of violence in the hospital setting. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to determine the incidence of workplace violence and the predictors of violent behavior against EDS working at hospitals in Jordan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was used to investigate the workplace violence experiences of a convenience sample of 355 EDS working at 8 government-run and 4 privately run Jordanian hospitals. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that was developed for this study. Results: Nearly three quarters (72%) of participants reported being exposed to violent acts. Patients and their relatives were identified as the main perpetrators of this violence. The contributing factors to workplace violence identified by the participants included overcrowding, lack of resources, staff shortages, and the absence of effective antiviolence policies. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: Policies and legislation related to workplace violence should be instituted and developed. Furthermore, EDS should be trained to deal with violent incidents and to understand violence management policies.

Exploring the competency of the Jordanian intensive care nurses towards endotracheal tube and oral care practices for mechanically ventilated patients: an observational study.

Oral care is an important feature of nursing; it is known that oropharynx is considered the main reservoir of bacterial colonization, so the removal of oral infection is a major duty of all health care providers, particularly nurses. We performed this study to explore endotracheal tube and oral care practices for mechanically ventilated patients of Jordanian intensive care nurses, and to study Jordanian intensive care nurses’ practices during, prior to, and post endotracheal tube and oral care for mechanically ventilated patients. Endotracheal tube and oral care of Jordanian intensive care nurses for mechanically ventilated patients was compared with recommendations for endotracheal tube and oral care of American Association of Critical Care Nurses and guidelines of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Non- participant structured observational design was conducted using a 24 -item structured observational schedule. The findings show that nurses different in their oral care practices; did not follow American Association of Critical Care Nurses recommendations; and therefore delivered lower-quality oral care than predictable. Important inconsistencies were observed in the nurses’ hyperoxygenation, respiratory assessment techniques and infection control practices.

Validity of Arabic Version of Beliefs About Medication Questionnaire.

To assess the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the Beliefs About Medication Questionnaire, a cross-sectional design was used and the data were collected from 605 patients with chronic diseases. The study was conducted between July 2013 and December 2013. The results showed that the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (.71) was satisfactory. There was a significant strong positive correlation between test–retest for the same group subsample, with a correlation coefficient range of .45 to .78. There were no statistically significant differences between retest subgroups and remaining samples in the questionnaire subscales. The percentage of missing value was around 0.03, which confirmed the feasibility of the Arabic version of the questionnaire. These findings suggested that having a culturally acceptable, valid and reliable instrument to identify patients’ beliefs toward medication in Jordan will play an important role in tailoring appropriate intervention to enhance patient compliance with their prescribed medication.

Patient- and Family Caregiver-Related Barriers to Effective Cancer Pain Control

Cancer is a worldwide health problem. In Jordan, cancer is the second leading cause of death. Approximately 2,000 people die from cancer every year, 70% of them experiencing varying high levels of pain as a result of ineffective pain relief. The purpose of this study was to identify the attitudinal barriers to effective cancer pain relief in patients and their family caregivers in Jordan. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was used. A convenience sample of 300 cancer patients and 246 family caregivers were recruited from four different Jordanian hospitals between August 2009 and May 2010. Patients completed the Arabic version of the Barriers Questionnaire II (ABQ-II), the Arabic Brief Pain Inventory (A-BPI), and a demographic questionnaire. Family caregivers completed the ABQ-II and a demographic questionnaire. The A-BPI results identified that more than 70% of cancer patients in localized stage and more than 90% of patients with advanced cancer experienced substantial pain. Four major barriers to pain control were highlighted: fears related to addiction, side effects, communication concerns, and fatalistic beliefs. This study provides baseline information about the barriers to effective cancer pain control in Jordan.

Epidemiology of Nonfatal Injuries Among Schoolchildren.

Nonfatal injuries are considered as one of the major public health hazards affecting schoolchildren, and the majority of these injuries occur at school or in the home. A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 3 months, March–May 2015. The participants were 4,355 Jordanian schoolchildren in Grades 7–12. The Pearson χ2 test was computed, and the odds ratio was used to determine the magnitude of various risk factors for nonfatal injuries among schoolchildren. The overall incidence of nonfatal injury was 33.9%. The group most likely to sustain nonfatal injuries was boys, aged 12–15, in Grade 7, whose parents had a low level of education or a high family income. Injury prevention in schools and at homes is a cornerstone for protection or reducing the incidence of injuries. School nurses have a duty to follow up and examine the accident reports and evaluate whether safety policies are applied and are effective in different school settings. Furthermore, health and education authorities should develop a national program for preventing injuries.

Electronic versus paper records: documentation of pressure ulcer data

BACKGROUND The documentation of patient data on health records is a vital component of the care process. Accurate and complete recording of this data is a necessary practice. The adoption of electronic health records to improve the quality of nursing documentation is on the rise. OBJECTIVES This study compares the accuracy and completeness of pressure ulcer data documentation between electronic and paper records. DESIGN A descriptive, comparative design with a retrospective review of patient records. Settings and sample: Two hospitals were chosen purposefully, one using electronic recording of patient data and the other using paper records. METHODS In the first phase, all hospitalised patients aged 18 years and over were inspected for pressure ulcers. In the second phase, the files of patients with pressure ulcers were audited. RESULTS Of the 52 patients with ulcers found in the hospital that used an electronic system, 43 of their records documented the pressure ulcers (83%). Of the 55 patients with pressure ulcers in the hospital using paper records, 39 files had corresponding documentation of the presence of a pressure ulcer (71%). CONCLUSION In terms of accuracy and completeness, more comprehensive documentation practice was found on the electronic health records compared with paper records. However, both types of systems have shortcomings in the practice of pressure ulcer data documentation.