Abdul Mun'im

SCREENING OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM CASSIA SIAMEA LAMK LEAVES AS α - GLUCOS IDASE INHIBITOR

Alpha glucosidase inhibitor is one of therapeutic approaches for diabetes mellitus which is known for its safety compare to other oral anti diabetic drugs. Therefore searching of α - glucosidase inhibitor from natural compounds was recently done by many researchers to find the new active compounds. Endophyt ic fungi have great potential as a source of α - glucosidase inhibitory compounds. This research aims to isolate the endophytic fungi from Cassia siamea Lamk. leaves and then to evaluate their α - glucosidase inhibitory activity. We successfully isolated five endophytic fungi colonies, and then each isolat e was fermented and extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol. Each extract was assayed for its α - glucosidase inhibitory activity using spectrophotometry method. Nine extracts showed better α - glucosidase inhibitory than acarbose with the smallest IC 50 valu e was 28.40 ppm.

Virtual screening of Indonesian herbal database as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor

HIV-1 (Human immunodeficiency virus type 1) is a member of retrovirus family that could infect human and causing AIDS disease. AIDS epidemic is one of most destructive diseases in modern era. There were more than 33 million people infected by HIV until 2010. Various studies have been widely employed to design drugs that target the essential enzymes of HIV-1 that is, reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase. In this study, in silico virtual screening approach is used to find lead molecules from the library or database of natural compounds as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Virtual screening against Indonesian Herbal Database using AutoDock4 performed on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. From the virtual screening, top ten compounds were mulberrin, plucheoside A, vitexilactone, brucine N-oxide, cyanidin 3-arabinoside, alpha-mangostin, guaijaverin, erycristagallin, morusin and sanggenol N.

Review of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory assay: Rapid method in drug discovery of herbal plants

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a signaling pathway which responsible in the blood pressure regulation. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is one of the key elements responsible for the hypertensive mechanism. It converts angiotensin-I to angiotensin-II. The discovery history of the ACE inhibitory activity assay method has been through a long stage for decades and development continues until today. The ACE inhibitory activity has become an effective screening method in the search for new antihypertensive agents from herbal plants. Some of in vitro assay methods were used to examine the activity of ACE inhibitors based on the substrate usage, such as; Cushman and Cheung Method using a substrate hippuryl-histidyl-leucine (HHL), Holmquist method using a substrate furanacryloyl-tripeptide, Elbl and Wagner method using a substrate benzoil-[l-14C] glicyl-L-histidine-L-leucine, Carmel and Yaron method using a substrate o-aminobenzoylglycyl-p-nitrophenylalanilproline, and Lam method using 3-hydroxybutyrylglycyl-glycyl-glycine as substrate. Several different methods to measure the results of enzymatic reactions or separating substrate with products, including spectrophotometric, fluorometric, high-performance liquid chromatography, electrophoresis, and radiochemistry. Application of the test method for screening the ACE inhibitors activity and investigation of active compounds from natural products can be done easily with this method, it is very helpful in research because the results obtained are simple, accurate, and rapid.