Abdulloh Fuad

Synthesis and characterization of black, red and yellow nanoparticles pigments from the iron sand

The aim of this research is to synthesize nanoparticles of black pigment of Magnetite (Fe3O4), red pigment of hematite (α-Fe2O3), and yellow pigment of ghoetite (α-FeOOH) from the iron sand. The black pigment of Fe3O4 and the yellow pigment α-FeOOH nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation method with variation of pH. Whereas, the red pigment Fe2O3 was sythesized by sintering Fe3O4 nanoparticles at temperature between 400 °C and 700 7°C for 1 hour. All the pigments has been characterized using X-ray diffraction and SEM. The XRD results shown that the particle size of the black pigmen Fe3O4, red pigment Fe3O4 and yellow pigment α-FeOOH are around 12, 32, and 30 nm repectively. The particle size of Fe2O3 nanoparticles increase by increasing sintering temperature from 32 nm at 400 °C to 39 nm at 700 °C. For yellow pigment of α-FeOOH, the particle size increase by increasing pH from 30,54 nm at pH 4 to 48,60 nm at pH 7. The SEM results shown that the morphologies of black, yellow and red pigments are ...

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by chemical reduction at various fraction of MSA and their structure characterization

Nanosilver is currently one of the most common engineered nanomaterials and is used in many applications that lead to the release of silver nanoparticles and silver ions into aqueous systems. Nanosilver also possesses enhanced antimicrobial activity and bioavailability that may less environmental risk compared with other manufactured nanomaterials. Described in this research are the synthesis of silver nanoparticle produced by chemical reduction from silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution. As a reducing agent, Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4) was used and mercaptosuccinic Acid (MSA) as stabilizer to prevent the nanoparticle from aglomerating. It was also used two kinds of solvent, they are water and methanol. In typical experiment MSA was dissolve in methanol with a number of variation of molarity i.e. 0,03 M, 0,06 M, 0,12 M, 0,15 M, and the mixture was kept under vigorous stirring in an ice bath. A solution of silver nitrate of 340 mg in 6,792 ml water was added. A freshly prepared aqueous solution of sodium borohydr...

The effect of TiO2 thin film thickness on self-cleaning glass properties

TiO2 is one of semiconductor materials which are widely used as photocatalyst in the form of a thin film. The TiO2 thin film is prepared by using the spin coating sol-gel method. The researcher prepared TiO2 thin film with 3 coating variations and X-Ray Diffraction characterization, UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, Electron Microscopy Scanning, and examined its hydrophilic and anti-fogging properties. The result of X-Ray Diffraction showed that the phase formed is the anatase on 101crystal field. The Electron Microscopy Scanning images showed that TiO2 thin films had a homogeneous surface with the particle sizes as big as 235 nm, 179 nm, and 137 nm. The thickness of each thin film was 2.06μm, 3.33μm, and 5.20μm. The characterization of UV-Vis Spectrophotometer showed that the greatest absorption to the wavelength of visible light was in the thin films thickness of 3 coatings with the band-gap determined by using 3.30 eV, 3.33 eV, and 3.33 eV Plot Tuoc. These results indicated that the rate of absorption would be increased by increasing the thickness of film. The increasing thickness of the thin film makes the film hydrophilic able to be used as an anti-fogging substance.

The influence of iron- and copper- doped of PANi thin film on their structure and dielectric properties

Polyaniline (PANi) is one of conductive polymers which are widely studied. PANi has unique in the structure and physical properties that can be controlled by doping. In this work we report the role of CuCl2 and FeCl3 in the crystalline and dielectric properties of PANi/Ag films which was performed by means spin coating method. We employed sonochemical technic to form solutions of PANi ES II prior to spin coating method. The variation of FeCl3 and CuCl2 doped were used in the range of 0 M - 0.5 M. FTIR spectra of PANi EB and PANi ES clarified that the PANis were successfully synthesized. The crystallinity of the films were examined by menas of X-ray diffraction (XRD). While the polymeric grains were evaluated using SEM which is confirmed with the grain size analyses from X-RD data. Dielectric properties shows that introducing Fe and Cu doped could decrease their dielectric constant. The decreasing of dielectric constant was also achieved by increasing frequency.

Shockley’s Equation Fit Analyses for Solar Cell Parameters from I-V Curves

Some of the technical problems that appear are obtaining solar cell parameters from I-V curve measurement data. One simple method is using linear graphical fit at zero current or voltage conditions. Although the accuracy of the obtained values is acceptable, other problems may arise regarding the number of parameters which could be obtained. We report a comparison between manual or graphical fit and fit using Shockley’s equation. The single I-V curve under the lighting was inferred to obtain the intrinsic parameters of the solar cells’ performance. The fittings were performed using the nonlinear equation of Shockley by determining some initial values of fittings such as Rs, Rsh, n, I0, Iph, and T. In the case of the Shockley equation fit, the iteration was performed several times to obtain the least possible inferred parameters. We have successfully obtained a better result of nonlinear Shockley fitting compared to the manual linear fit.

Preparation of molecular sieve from natural pyrophyllite and characterization of its Al/Si ratio, crystal structure, and Porosity

Pyrophyllite is one abundant mineral in Indonesia which has not been optimally processed. Hence, this study further processed natural pyrophyllite to be an advanced material usable for industrial sector as a molecular sieve (MS). Natural pyrophyllitewas chosen due to its ability to filter gas or liquid selectively. The MS made from natural pyrophyllite was prepared by using a simple method, in short time and with less cost via leaching process. NaOH was varied to 10 M (MS1), 15 M (MS2), and 20 M (MS3) of molarity. Such solution was subsequently dissolved in distilled water and followed by decantation and filtration processes to obtain the deposit. Eventually, the deposit was drained to form MS powders. The BET characterization showed that the respective surface areas of MS1, MS2, and MS3 are 0.350 m2/g, 2.869 m2/g, and 1.176 m2/g with the pore sizes of 30A, 542 A, and 550 A, respectively. The XRF characterization results showed that the Al/Si ratio of MS10, MS15, and MS20 are 2.4, 2.2, and 2.3, respectively. Meanwhile, the XRD investigation pointed out that the primary phase of MS10 and MS15 samples wassodalite with cubic crystal system, quartz with hexagonal crystal system, and diaspore with orthorhombic crystal system, while the MS20 phase was pure in the form of sodalite phase. Moreover, the results of FITR characterization showed that the synthesized MS has a functional group of Si-O-Si bending, Si-O-Al, Si-O, Si-O normal to the plane stretching, inner surface Al-OH deformation, Si-O-Si siloxine, H-O-H, -OH, C-H stretching, and H-O-H bending water.

Preparation of Superparamagnetic Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 Particle by Coprecipitation-Sonochemical Method for Radar Absorbing Material

One of many applications of spinel ferrite nanoparticles is related to their performance as radar absorbing materials. In this work, we report developing synthesis method through combined coprecipitation-sonochemical routes in preparing Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticle from iron sand in Indonesia as a vital raw material. The structure, size, morphology, and elements of the Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticle were investigated via X-Ray diffractometry and Transmission/Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM/SEM) combining Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The magnetic properties of the Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticle were characterized by using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Furthermore, the reflection loss character of the Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticle was determined via Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). From the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the XRD data, it can be identified that the Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 particle formed a spinel cubic structure in a single phase with the lattice parameter of approximately 8.401 A. It is known from the TEM image that the Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 particle had a size of about 9.7 nm and tended to agglomerate. Furthermore, the data analysis of the M(H) curve presented that the Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticle has a superparamagnetic behavior with the saturation magnetization of approximately 43 emu/g. Finally, the data analysis of the reflection loss as a function of frequency showed that the Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticle performs as a radar absorbing material with the absorption performance of approximately -11.0 dB at the frequency of 10.8 GHz

Effect of Precursor Concentration Ratio on The Crystal Structure, Morphology, and Band Gap of ZnO Nanorods

In this present study, the ZnO nanorods were synthesized by using the hydrothermal method with various precursor concentrations. The ZnO nanorods were characterized by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) to identify the crystal structure, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine the morphology, and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer to determine the band gap. It was shown that the ZnO nanorods have hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with the c-axis orientation at (002) Braggs plane. The morphology of the ZnO particles was in a rod structure growing over the surface of the substrate. The diameter of the ZnO nanorods resulted ifrom the concentrations of 30, 35 mM, and 45 mM were 94.2, 156.3, and 76.7 nm, respectively. The data analysis of the UV-Vis data showed that the band gap of ZnO nanorods (~3.18 eV) was smaller than that of ZnO nanoparticles (~3.46 eV).

Synthesis of carbon encapsulated SiO2 nanoparticles from rice husk and its application in solar to steam conversion

Steam is important in many technological applications including sterilization of medical devices, cleaning, and power generating. In general, steam can be produced by boiling water at high temperature. In new technology, solar can convert water directly into steam even at low temperature by using nanoparticles. In this research we study solar to steam conversion of carbon encapsulated SiO2 nanoparticles (SiO2@C) synthesized from rice husk. SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using alkali extraction and sol-gel methods. While synthesis of carbon encapsulated SiO2 nanoparticles was done by sonochemical method with glucose as source of carbon. The samples have been characterized by XRF, SEM-EDX, and XRD. The effectivity of solar steam conversion performed by measuring time dependent of temperature and pressure. XRF and XRD results shown that SiO2 nanoparticles have purity of 97.2% inn amorphous phase. Carbon encapsulated SiO2 nanoparticles (SiO2@C) have successfully synthesized indicating by NaOH base test. ...

Electrical conductivity modification using silver nano particles of Jatropha Multifida L. and Pterocarpus Indicus w. extracts films

Natural polymers can be extracted from leaf or stem of plants. Pterocarpus Indicus W. (PIW) and Jatropha Multifida L. (JIL) plants are good candidate as natural polymer sources. PIW and JIW polymers contain chemical compound so-called flavonoids which has C6-C3-C6 carbons conjugated configuration. The renewable type of polymer as well as their abundancy of flavonoid provide us to explore their physical properties. A number of research have been reported related to broad synthesis method and mechanical properties. So far there is no specific report of electrical conductivity associated to PIW and JIL natural polymers. In order to obtain electrical conductivity and its crystallinity of the extracted polymer films, it was induced on them a various fraction of silver nano particles. The film has been prepared by means of spin coating method on nickel substrate. It was revealed that FTIR spectra confirm the existing of rutine flavonoid. The crystallinity of the samples increase from 0.66%, to 4.11% associated to the respective various of silver fractions of 0.1 M to 0.5 M. SEM images show that there are some grains of silver in the film. The nature of electric conductivity increases a long with the addition of silver. The electrical conductivity increase significantly from 3.22 S/cm, to 542.85 S/cm. On the other hand, PIW films also shows similar trends that increase of Ag induce the increase its crystallinity as well as its electrical conductivity at semiconducting level. This result opens a prospective research and application of the green renewable polymer as optoelectronic materials.Natural polymers can be extracted from leaf or stem of plants. Pterocarpus Indicus W. (PIW) and Jatropha Multifida L. (JIL) plants are good candidate as natural polymer sources. PIW and JIW polymers contain chemical compound so-called flavonoids which has C6-C3-C6 carbons conjugated configuration. The renewable type of polymer as well as their abundancy of flavonoid provide us to explore their physical properties. A number of research have been reported related to broad synthesis method and mechanical properties. So far there is no specific report of electrical conductivity associated to PIW and JIL natural polymers. In order to obtain electrical conductivity and its crystallinity of the extracted polymer films, it was induced on them a various fraction of silver nano particles. The film has been prepared by means of spin coating method on nickel substrate. It was revealed that FTIR spectra confirm the existing of rutine flavonoid. The crystallinity of the samples increase from 0.66%, to 4.11% associated ...