Abdunnasir Yildiz

Antioxidant properties, chemical composition and nutritional value of Terfezia boudieri (Chatin) from Turkey.

Our objectives were to investigate the chemical composition, nutritive value and antioxidant activity potentials of Terfezia boudieri Chatin collected from different areas from Southeast of Turkey. The amounts of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, crude fibre, moisture and ash were 34.00–65.00 (kcal/100 g), 1.40–2.73, 0.86–1.71, 4.84–11.60, 80.86–90.33 (g/100 g, f.w.) and 1.02–1.98 g/100 g dry mass, respectively. Fatty acids and amino acids analyses revealed that linoleic acid and glutamic acid were, respectively the most abundant. Among the essential amino acids leucine was the highest amount and this was followed by threonine. Magnesium was the most abundant element with a concentration value of 182.30 mg/100 g dry mass. T. boudieri exhibited excellent antioxidant activity when compared with standard compounds. In total antioxidant and chelating effect on ferrous ions activity T. boudieri showed the highest activity against the standards. Additionally, at all studied tests antioxidant activity of the mushroom increased with increasing concentration. The total phenolic content of T. boudieri was found as 8.45 mg/g.

Antioxidant Properties of Cultured Mycelia from Four Pleurotus Species Produced in Submerged Medium

The ethanolic extracts of dried cultured mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus florida, and Pleurotus sajor-caju were analyzed for antioxidant activity in different systems. Tests used are as follows: reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, total antioxidant activity, metal chelating activitiy, etc.; total phenolic content was determined. The percentage inhibition of P. ostreatus, P. eryngii, P. florida, and P. sajor-caju at 20 mg/mL concentration on peroxidation in a β-carotene–linoleic acid system was 57.19, 60.68, 62.12, and 58.81%, respectively. The reducing power of P. eryngii was higher than the other samples, and its value was 0.86 at 10 mg/mL concentration. P. ostreatus and P. sajor-caju proved to be better at scavenging superoxide anion radicals than the P. eryngii and P. florida. In the scavenging effect of DPPH radical test, P. ostreatus showed the highest activity potential and P. sajor-caju showed the strongest metal chelating capacity.

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic and Anticholinesterase Activities of SevenMushroom Species with their Phenolic Acid Composition

The study focused to evaluate cytotoxic, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticholinesterase activities of methanol extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus Jacq. (Pleurotaceae), Boletus edulis Bull. (Boletaceae), Tricholoma populinum J. (Tricholomataceae) Helvella queletii Bres. (Helvellaceae), Armillaria tabescens Emel. (Physalacriaceae), Psathyrella candolleana Fr. (Psathyrellaceae) and Helvella leucopus Pers. (Helvellaceae) mushroom species. Phenolic acid profiles of these mushrooms were also determined to obtain further information on the correlation between the contents of phenolic compounds and studied activities. Cytotoxic activity of mushrooms was screened by MTT cytotoxicity assay on cancer (HeLa) and normal epithelium (NRK-52E) cell lines. To determine antioxidant potential of mushroom extracts free radical scavenging, reducing power, superoxide anion radical scavenging, total antioxidant and metal chelating activities were studied, To indicate anthicholinesterase activity the acetyl-and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of the mushroom extracts were studied. For antimicrobial activity disc diffusion method was applied. Phenolic profile of mushrooms were determined by HPLC system. The IC50 values of the extracts were 1.58-25.11 and 2.05-22.32 mg/mL for HeLa and NRK-52E cells, respectively. At antimicrobial activity the inhibiton zones were found to be as 1 ± 0.12-13 ± 0.23 mm. P. ostreatus, B. edulis and H. leucopus extracts were showed higher activities than the other mushroms at antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase and cytotoxic activity.