Abhay Mani Tripathi

Dental and skeletal maturity- a biological indicator of chronologic age.

INTRODUCTION Precise evaluation of the developmental stage of a child is not only an integral part of both diagnosis and treatment of paediatric patients; it is also essential in Forensic Medicine and Dentistry. Physiologic age can be estimated by somatic, sexual, skeletal and dental maturity. AIM Investigate the relationship between the dental age (DA) and skeletal age (SA) of children and comparing it with the chronological age (CA). MATERIALS AND METHODS The dental age estimation methods of Schour and Massler (S&M), and Demirjian and Goldstien (D&G) and skeletal assessment methods of Greulich and Pyle (G&P), and Tanner et al., (TW2) were used to analyze the orthopantomograms and hand-wrist radiographs respectively of 150 healthy subjects within the age range of 5-15 y and compared with the Chronological Age. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data collected was statistically analysed using the SPSS version 15.0 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Software. For all tests p-value of <0.05 were considered statistically significance. RESULTS Dental age estimation techniques were found comparable and equally reliable as the skeletal age estimation methods. Strong correlations between dental and skeletal maturation were demonstrated.

Effect of dilution of both A- and B- sites on the multiferroic properties of spinal Mott insulators

The structural, magnetic, electrical and transport properties of FeV2O4, by doping Li and Cr ions respectively in A and B sites, have been studied. Dilution of A-site by Li doping increases the ferri-magnetic ordering temperature and decreases the ferroelectric transition temperature. This also decreases the V-V distances which in effect increases the A-V coupling. This increased A-V coupling dominates over the decrease in A-V coupling due to doping of non-magnetic Li. On the other hand, Cr doping increases the ferri-magnetic ordering temperature but does not alter the ferroelectric transition temperature which is due to the fact that the polarization origin to the presence of almost non-substituted regions.

Effect of Saliva on the Tensile Bond Strength of Different Generation Adhesive Systems: An In-Vitro Study

BACKGROUND Newer development of bonding agents have gained a better understanding of factors affecting adhesion of interface between composite and dentin surface to improve longevity of restorations. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the influence of salivary contamination on the tensile bond strength of different generation adhesive systems (two-step etch-and-rinse, two-step self-etch and one-step self-etch) during different bonding stages to dentin where isolation is not maintained. MATERIALS AND METHODS Superficial dentin surfaces of 90 extracted human molars were randomly divided into three study Groups (Group A: Two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system; Group B: Two-step self-etch adhesive system and Group C: One-step self-etch adhesive system) according to the different generation of adhesives used. According to treatment conditions in different bonding steps, each Group was further divided into three Subgroups containing ten teeth in each. After adhesive application, resin composite blocks were built on dentin and light cured subsequently. The teeth were then stored in water for 24 hours before sending for testing of tensile bond strength by Universal Testing Machine. The collected data were then statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test. RESULTS One-step self-etch adhesive system revealed maximum mean tensile bond strength followed in descending order by Two-step self-etch adhesive system and Two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system both in uncontaminated and saliva contaminated conditions respectively. CONCLUSION Unlike One-step self-etch adhesive system, saliva contamination could reduce tensile bond strength of the two-step self-etch and two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system. Furthermore, the step of bonding procedures and the type of adhesive seems to be effective on the bond strength of adhesives contaminated with saliva.

Effect of fixed space maintainers and removable appliances on oral microflora in children: An in vivo study

Background: Oral habits and caries if left untreated may result in crowding and arch length discrepancy in developing dentition. Therefore, appliances are used to maintain the arch length and for proper relationship between dental arches. However, its insertion may cause an increase in bacterial concentration. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus sp., and Candida albicans in saliva during the first 6 months of orthodontic therapy. Materials and Methods: Twenty children in the age group of 6-15 years were selected with regard to indication of orthodontic treatment, and subsequently grouped as patients to be treated with fixed space maintainers or removable appliances. Unstimulated saliva was collected in a sterile container at baseline and at 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month recalls for every selected child. Samples collected were processed for bacterial culture in different culture media at different time intervals. Statistical Analysis: SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Version 15.0 statistical software was carried for bacterial counts. Chi-square test and t-test were performed to know the effects of each variable and to reveal the statistical significance. Result: Bacterial counts of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus sp., and Candida albicans were found to be statistically significant (P 0≤ 0.001), (P < 0.05), and (P < 0.001), respectively in both the groups at all intervals. Conclusion: At different time intervals, the total numbers of bacterial count of Streptococcus mutans were comparatively higher, followed by Lactobacillus sp. and Candida albicans.

Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries to Permanent Teeth

Traumatic dental injury (TDI) is a common cause of tooth damage and loss in the young and adolescent age group. The treatment of injuries should always be commenced as early as possible following the accident and it is incumbent to preserve the vitality of injured teeth whenever possible and to restore them skillfully. Every dentist who treats children must be well prepared to meet these emergencies.

Cleft Lip and Palate: A Review

Orofacial clefts comprise a range of congenital deformities and are the most common head and neck congenital malformation. Cleft has significant psychological and socio-economic effect on patient quality of life and requires a multidisciplinary team approach for management. The complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors plays a significant role in the incidence and cause of cleft. In the following review article, the embryology, classification, etiology, clinical features and management of cleft lip and palate are discussed along with primary goals of surgical repair to restore normal function, speech development, and facial esthetics. Different techniques are employed based on surgeon expertise and the unique patient presentations.

Applicability of Mixed Dentition Analysis in North Indian Population -A Review

Mixed dentition space analysis plays an important role in the diagnosis of tooth size arch length discrepancies. A large number of cases of malocclusion start during the mixed dentition stage. Earlier treatment reflects better comprehension of malocclusions.

Applications of Forensic Dentistry: a Review and Update

Forensic Dentistry is one of the most unexplored and intriguing branches of forensic sciences. It has been applied to variety of cases of civil and criminal, including identification, homicide, fraud, malpractice, professional misconduct and liability. It is the specialty with goal of investigating psychological, physical, chemical and biological phenomenon that can reach human being. Recent addition of DNA analysis to Forensic Dentistry is frequently used in identifying individuals or determining the origin of certain tissues. Since qualified forensic odontologists in India are very few, this paper reinforces awareness among the dental practitioners about the role of dentist in person identification and to awaken the social responsibility of maintaining dental records of all patients.

Rotary Endodontics – a Review

The preparation of the root canal system is essential for a successful outcome in the root canal treatment. Proper cleaning is essential in order to provide an adequate seal and to prevent failure. The two primary goals for root canal instrumentation are to provide a biological environment that is conducive to healing and to provide a canal shape that is comfortable to sealing. The development of rotary nickel titanium (NiTi) instruments is considered to be an important innovation in the field of Endodontics. During the last few years, several new instrument systems have been introduced and the number of users of these systems has increased considerably. The introduction of new technologies has resulted in Endodontics becoming easier, faster and most importantly better.

Genetic Counselling: A Review and Update

The increasing availability of genetic tests confers to the speciality of genetic counselling a fast growing place in medical practice. Genetic counselling provides the link between genetic technologies and patient care. It is a communication process which deals with the human problems associated with the occurrence, or the risk of occurrence, of a genetic disorder in a family. Recent dramatic advances in medical genetics have resulted in a comparable increase of interest in genetic counselling. These advances have included rapid growth in knowledge of the ways in which a large number of diseases are inherited, improvements in the ability to examine human chromosomes and detect chromosomal abnormalities, the ability to diagnose certain diseases in the second trimester of pregnancy, and the advent of screening programs for certain diseases in high risk populations.