Abhilasha Gupta

Prevalence of cervical dysplasia in western Uttar Pradesh.

Introduction: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer remain important health problems. Cervical cytology by Papanicolaou (Pap) smears is an effective means of screening for cervical premalignant and malignant conditions. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of cervical dysplasia in pre- and postmenopausal women in western Uttar Pradesh and to find out risk factors as far as possible. Materials and Methods: A total of 4,703 cases were enrolled, cervical scrape smears were collected and stained using Papanicolaous method and hematoxylin and eosin stain. The emphasis was put on epithelial abnormalities and smears were classified according to The Bethesda System 2001. Results: 81.06% (3812) smears were satisfactory according to The Bethesda System. Maximum numbers of cases (40.37%) were in age group 30-39 years. The epithelial abnormalities constituted 3.23% of all cases. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) formed the largest number (1.36%), while high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) formed 0.91%. Eleven cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were detected. The study has shown a relatively high prevalence of epithelial abnormalities in cervical smears with increasing age, parity, early age at first coitus (<20 year), and lower socioeconomic status in symptomatic women with clinical lesions on per speculum examination. Conclusion: Epithelial abnormalities of cervix are not uncommon in our setup and are associated with early age at marriage and parity.

Role of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in adverse pregnancy outcomes -

Background: Because of the link of thyroid auto antibodies with various pregnancy related complications and antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO Ab) being most common of all of them, can be used as a surrogate marker for thyroid related adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hence, present study was designed to further elucidate any association of anti-TPO antibodies and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: This observational study has been conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at L. L. R. M. Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. Five hundred randomly selected peripartum women from 20 weeks onwards have been included and divided into two main groups, anti-TPO Ab positive (group B) and anti-TPO Ab negative (group A). Serum TSH was done only in group B. These two groups were compared for age of the patient, period of gestation, number of abortions, pregnancy outcome, maternal and fetal complications. Results: Out of 500 women, 18.6% were anti-TPO Ab positive. Number of abortions ≥ 2 was found in 18% and 8% in group B and A whereas preterm delivery was found in 50% and 17% in the two groups respectively. In group B, 48% had increased TSH. Conclusions: Anti-TPO Ab presence was significantly associated with preterm deliveries, recurrent abortions, increased maternal and fetal complications.