Abhilasha Singh

Digital identification tags for medical fundus images for tele-ophthalmology applications

This paper proposes a method of inserting a digital pattern having patient identity in the medical image without tampering the medical information of the image. To attain imperceptible insertion of the digital pattern a frequency domain approach is used in the mid frequency band of the discrete cosine transform. The original medical image and the stego-image is compared and analyzed for all features and also tested for retaining of all features and medical information. Blood vessels have been extracted from the original and stego image and it has been established from experimental results that the features remains unaltered. Texture features also has been analyzed and experimental results indicates that the variation in the texture features is minimal and do not affect the medical information. The correlation of the features extracted is above 0.99 indicating the insertion of the digital pattern did not cause any loss of medical information in the image.

Wavelet-based reversible watermarking system for integrity control and authentication in tele-ophthalmological applications

In numerous applications, such as in the areas of law enforcement and medical imaging systems, together with perceptual transparency, it is required to reverse the modified media back to the original without any deformation, after the secret data are regained for some legal deliberations. This paper proposes a completely reversible watermarking system with enhanced imperceptibility, robustness, and capacity for colour medical images which can effectively check the unlawful utilisation of the medical images with no affect to medical information and its visual quality. The proposed algorithm depends on transforming non-overlapping blocks of the host image using wavelet transform and is completely blind. The proposed technique attains high values of peak signal to noise ratio PSNR of watermarked image and high values of normalised correlation NC of the extracted watermark and recovered original image. State-of-the-art comparison shows that the proposed scheme has advantages over the existing techniques. This scheme may be proficient in providing a broad range of applications that aims at security and privacy protection in the medical field. The scheme can also be helpful for the purpose of identification of fundus images for storage in distributed medical databases and tele-ophthalmological applications.

A Reversible Data Hiding Scheme for Efficient Management of Tele-Ophthalmological Data

Advancements in medical sciences and induction of advanced technologies have led to increased role of medical images in tele-diagnosis. This paper proposes a technique for easy, efficient and accurate management of distributed medical databases and alleviates the risk of any distortion in images during transmission. It also provides remedy of issues like tampering, accidentally or intentionally, authentication and reliability without affecting the perceptual properties of the image. The technique is blind and completely reversible. Values of PSNR and BER imply that the changes made to original images are imperceptible to the Human Visual System. Performance of the technique has been evaluated for fundus images and the results are extremely encouraging. The technique is lossless and conforms to the firm necessities of medical data management by maintaining perceptual quality and diagnostic significance of the images, therefore is very practical to be used in health care centers.

Wavelet based robust watermarking scheme for copyright enforcement and integrity control in tele-ophthalmology

Tele-medicine permits medical images to be transmitted among health care centers through the insecure open networks for clinical investigation and for improved healthcare stipulations. There is a growing need for copyright enforcement technologies in these networked multimedia systems. This paper proposes an advanced and modified method to watermark information into a biomedical retinal cover image which aims to provide a robust and adaptive system for medical image protection against authentication and copyright infringement issues in tele-ophthalmological applications. Watermark is embedded in low frequency band using Singular values. Both methods strategically combined increase the level of security of proposed method. In short, a as a new SVD-DWT watermarking algorithm which is robust against various attacks is presented. Performance of the proposed method has been evaluated by assessing the method on metrics MSE (Mean Square Error), PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) and NC (Normalized Correlation). Experimental results illustrate the suitability of the algorithm for application in tele-ophthalmology.

DWT-SVD based watermarking scheme of JPEG images using elliptic curve cryptography

The image watermarking technology is a vital facet about multimedia authentication and copyright protection to improve its reliability and security. This paper proposes an embedment of encrypted watermark in a JPEG image to address the issues of proprietorship of digital images. Amongst the cryptographic solutions, the most satisfactory cryptography method is Elliptic Curve Cryptography because of its small usage of bandwidth, low computational time and small key size. DWT and SVD are used as a scientific means to implant watermark in the image. The quality of watermarked image is measured by Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and to compare the recovered watermark and the original watermark Normalized correlation (NC) is used.

A Study on Shape Detection: An Unexplored Parameter in the Gallstones Identification

Elimination of the gallstones is gaining popularity due to significant increase in the count of the people suffering from Cholelithiasis. Cholelithiasis is one of the most reported diseases in India. This paper presents a comparative study of various approaches of gallstones detection and further analyzing the ultrasound images of the patients suffering from Cholelithiasis. Our research mainly focuses on examining the fissures in the identification of the shapes of the Gall Bladder stones automatically by applying various techniques such as image processing, segmentation, and a combination of other preprocessing morphological techniques to scrutinize gallstones with a motive of aiding medical science with more competent techniques for the proficient, effortless and cost-effective removal of gallstones.

Analysing, Designing, Implementation and Coding E-Commerce Through UX

The increasing amount of Internet users, websites and retail sales implies that web developing should be carried out in a competent, professional manner to increase profit. However, systematic analysis of costumers’ behaviours’ has not kept pace with the rapid growth in e-commerce. Without quantifiable metrics which is available through web analytics software, website optimization (WSO) is a guessing game; therefore, a majority of e-commerce companies cannot afford this risk given their huge amount of money. Above 70% of the most frequented websites use web analytic tools, but with their large amount of data, it is difficult to use them effectively. Therefore, it is important to understand what kind of data and knowledge are required for successful website development work. Thus, analytics plays a key role in empowering us to be able to undertake development through an approach empowered by UX. This paper proposes the analysis of an e-commerce platform and its designing through data measured through analytics.

Software Performance Measuring Benchmarks

Software performance can be assessed in terms of stability, usability, and reliability which in turn can be obtained by testing and put emphasis on testing strategies. Testing and controlled monitoring increase the life period of software by allowing it to be transformed to meet the customers’ desires. Software with modest design is more reliable and stable than the software with composite design. Simple design is easier to understand, which minimizes time that will be spent understanding the system, and it is easier to revise and helps to realize the software performance. This work emphasizes on performance measuring criteria and its release decisions based on quantitative approach. From business perspective a strong relationship between business requirements and software performance exists, so it is necessary to measure the performance of software before it gets released. As business requirements changes, software needs to be able to adapt to these changes without decreasing reliability. Software which is adaptable and is more stable will deliver maximum performance in its operational environment and will be easier for the development team to take proper release decisions. The purpose of this work is to envisage and propose a new paradigm of judging software reliability in its operational environment and address issues related to releasing of software. The results show that our proposed model after incorporating the concept of window gives optimal output in terms of operational reliability by eliminating maximum number of faults.

Automatic Detection of Eczema Using Image Processing

Eczema is the most common form of skin disease in humans. Skin diseases like eczema, if not detected and controlled early, may lead to severe health and financial consequences for patients. Most of the skin disease is curable at initial stages with the improvement in technology. Also, an early detection of skin disease can prevent the progression of the disease and save the patient’s life. Early measurement of disease harshness, combined with a recommendation for skin protection and use of appropriate medication, can prevent the disease from worsening. At present, diagnosis can be costly and time-consuming. In this paper, a method for early detection of eczema is presented using modern image processing and algorithms. Techniques such as preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, filtering, edge detection, etc. are part of image processing and are used to identify the part affected by disease. Simulation suggests that the proposed system can successfully detect the regions affected by eczema. An attempt has been made to detect eczema-affected region with the help of proposed algorithm.

Texture Analysis of Fruits for Its Deteriorated Classification

Due to growing requirement in agriculture industry, the need to effectively grow a plant and increase in yield is very important. In order to attain more value added goods, a quality control is essentially required. Assessment as well as segregation of fruits is generally based on manual observations. This process can be automated using image processing techniques. The ability to identify the quality of fruits is the most significant trait while designing an automatic fruit categorization machine in order to save considerable human effort. This paper proposes a technique which will diagnose whether the fruit is fresh or rotten and classify the decayed fruit on the basis of pre-decided grading criterion. In proposed work, images are classified on the basis of colour, texture and morphology. Proposed framework is modelled into three parts of image processing which includes texture and feature extraction using morphology, image segmentation using threshold and fruit grading. This software can be a great help for fruit business industry as it will automate the fresh fruit selection process and hence increase the speed of selecting quality product.