Abu Jahid

PV-Powered CoMP-Based Green Cellular Networks with a Standby Grid Supply

This paper proposes a novel framework for PV-powered cellular networks with a standby grid supply and an essential energy management technique for achieving envisaged green networks. The proposal considers an emerging cellular network architecture employing two types of coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission techniques for serving the subscribers. Under the proposed framework, each base station (BS) is powered by an individual PV solar energy module having an independent storage device. BSs are also connected to the conventional grid supply for meeting additional energy demand. We also propose a dynamic inter-BS solar energy sharing policy through a transmission line for further greening the proposed network by minimizing the consumption from the grid supply. An extensive simulation-based study in the downlink of a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cellular system is carried out for evaluating the energy efficiency performance of the proposed framework. System performance is also investigated for identifying the impact of various system parameters including storage factor, storage capacity, solar generation capacity, transmission line loss, and different CoMP techniques.

Green energy driven cellular networks with JT CoMP technique

Abstract Concerns about global warming and increasing number of base stations (BSs) leading to rising energy consumption have prompted extensive research effort focusing on energy efficiency (EE) issue for cellular networks. As a result, cellular operators are increasingly deploying renewable energy (RE) sources in BSs as a promising way to reduce the on-grid consumption and operational expenditure. In this paper, we propose a novel framework on green energy driven cellular networks aiming to maximize the utilization of the green energy and minimize the grid energy consumption considering stochastic traffic demand profile. Each BS is equipped with renewable energy generators, such as solar panel along with a set of batteries as an energy storage device and also connected to commercial grid supply. In addition, joint transmission (JT) coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission technique is integrated with the proposed model for selecting the best serving BSs for a user equipment (UE). The prime goal is to quantify the EE of various selection schemes namely, distance based, SINR based and SINR–distance based JT CoMP techniques under the proposed network model. Provision of sleep mode approach in BSs is also considered. A thorough investigation in the downlink of LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) cellular system is carried out for evaluating EE performance of the proposed framework under a wide range of network settings. Numerical results validate the proposed network models demonstrating a considerable enhancement in network EE compared to other counterparts.

Dynamic point selection CoMP enabled hybrid powered green cellular networks

Abstract Integration of renewable energy (RE) harvester has emerged as a long-term solution for the next generation cellular networks for reducing their operational expenditures and CO2 footprints. However, the dynamic nature of RE generation could lead to energy outage and service quality deterioration. Thus, utilization of commercial grid supply in conjunction with RE generators is a more realistic option for sustainable network operations. Therefore, this article proposes an energy-efficient hybrid framework for achieving envisaged green cellular networks. Under the proposed framework, each base station (BS) is equipped with on-site solar energy harvester as the primary energy source along with the traditional grid electricity supplying additional energy demand. Afterward, dynamic point selection type coordinated multi-point transmission technique is integrated for selecting the best serving BS for a user. A comprehensive investigation is carried out in the context of downlink LTE-A cellular networks for evaluating energy efficiency performance of the proposed framework.

Energy efficient BS Cooperation in DPS CoMP based cellular networks with hybrid power supply

Energy efficient cellular networking has recently drawn increasing attention for reducing network operation cost without sacrificing the quality of service (QoS). This paper proposes a framework for energy cooperation among base stations (BSs) in coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission based cellular networks, where the BSs are powered by hybrid power supplies including both the conventional grid and renewable energy sources. The considered network deploys BSs having independent energy storages, which are assumed interconnected by resistive power lines for energy sharing. The network also integrates dynamic point selection (DPS) CoMP technique for selecting the best serving BSs for an user equipment. The objective of the proposed cooperation is to maximize the usage of renewable solar energy leading to reduced on-grid power consumption. The proposed energy cooperation among BSs exploits the tempo-spatial diversities of both the renewable energy generation and the traffic demand. Monte Carlo based simulations are carried out for analyzing the energy efficiency (EE) performance of the proposed network. Simulation results validate the proposed inter-BS cooperation demonstrating substantial energy savings.

Energy cooperation among BS with hybrid power supply for DPS CoMP based cellular networks

Green cellular networking has drawn intensive attention recently for cellular operators in order to reduce the network operation cost and carbon footprints. In this paper, we consider base stations (BSs) powered by hybrid power supplies including both the conventional grid and the renewable solar energy. We propose a model for energy cooperation among BSs having individual energy storages which are connected through resistive power lines for energy sharing. Furthermore, dynamic point selection (DPS) CoMP technique is applied for selecting the best serving BS for users equipment (UE). Our goal is to maximize the green energy utilization leading to higher energy efficiency. Tempo-spatial variations of both the renewable energy generation and the traffic demand are exploited for the proposed BS cooperation. Extensive simulations are carried out for evaluating energy efficiency (EE) performance of the proposed cellular network in conjunction with DPS CoMP technique and energy sharing scheme. From simulation results we investigate the benefits of energy cooperation and effectiveness of CoMP technique in this regime.

Hybrid power supply solutions for off-grid green wireless networks

ABSTRACT Increasing deployment of cellular networks across the globe is pushing the energy consumption in cellular networks at an exceptional rate. The integration of renewable energy (RE) harvesting technology into future mobile networks has the potential to positively cope with environmental contamination and ensure self-energy sustainability as a means to decrease fossil fuel consumption. Diesel generator (DG) in conjunction with on-site RE harvester has emerged as an economic and extent efficient option where commercial grid supply is not viable. This paper is focused on the cost aware energy management framework addressing to least net present cost (NPC) for the envisioned hybrid powered green cellular base stations (BSs) considering tempo-spatial traffic dynamics. In such wireless networks, solar photovoltaic modules are considered as a primary energy source, while the DG and energy storage device are kept as the standby supply in case of inadequate solar energy to ensure zero outage. A comprehensive simulation-based investigation is carried out in the context of downlink Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks for evaluating cost-efficiency and reliability performance under a wide range of network settings. Particularly, this paper examines the energy yield, greenhouse gas emissions, and cost analysis based on the optimal architecture of Remote Radio Head-enabled LTE BS. Moreover, wireless network performance in terms of throughput, energy efficiency gain, and radio efficiency is thoroughly investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. Numerical results demonstrate a substantial reduction of carbon footprints with minimum NPC while satisfying the quality of service requirements.

Performance proposition of limited-wavelength-interchange cross-connects considering Coherent and Incoherent crosstalk

The statistical impact of Coherent and Incoherent crosstalk contributions in a proposed L-WIXC configuration due to different optical propagation delay differences, bit duration etc. is analysed. Considering coherent and incoherent crosstalk analytical expressions are developed for electric field, leakage crosstalk, Bit-Error-Rate (BER) and power penalty. Besides, the effect of all crosstalk contributions on the performance is numerically calculated and the results obtained, are thoroughly analysed suggesting the optimization of different component parameters.