Adalberto Cardoso

A inspeção do trabalho no Brasil

One aspect the literature overlooks on the effects of labor regulation of labor market efficiency is the degree of the legislations effectiveness, i.e., its actual enforcement in daily work relations. Even the more sophisticated econometric studies (which take into account the effects of interaction between labor market regulatory institutions in explaining its dynamics) leave this central issue aside, namely enforcement versus non-enforcement of the law. Keeping this issue in mind, we seek to answer the following question in this article: given that the effectiveness of labor legislation depends on the interaction between the overall sanctions and the probability of the employer getting caught breaking the law, and given that the laws effectiveness is a decisive aspect for the real measurement of a countrys labor costs, to what extent is the Brazilian labor inspection system designed to meet its objective, namely to enforce the law?

Transições da escola para o trabalho no Brasil: persistência da desigualdade e frustração de expectativas

This study analyzes the changes in economic structure and labor markets in the last 60 years in Brazil that provided the basis for establishing patterns in the transition from school to work for young men and women born since 1948. Data from population censuses beginning in 1970 and the National Household Sample Surveys (PNADs) beginning in 1976 were used to support the idea that Brazil witnessed a developmentalist pattern in the social trajectories of young people marked by lesser importance of education in shaping their initial life opportunities, constructed in a highly unstable and poorly structured labor market. This pattern can be distinguished from another, which we will call a fordist transition pattern, typical of advanced capitalist countries and characterized by strong family and state control over the general work qualifications processes, in which the school plays a central role and serves as the principal element for social mobility and creation of life opportunities.

A filiacao sindical no Brasil

Recent literature approaching the impacts of social and economic transformations on trade unionism in both Brazil and the world tends to emphasize structural determinants of the current crisis in union representativeness. However, comparative analysis suggests that variation in the unionization rate also depends on action strategies by union leadership and specific political or ideological situations in given countries. The article points out that an exclusive focus on structural determinants makes excessive concessions to globalization as an interpretative key, thereby denying space to politics. By way of demonstration, the article analyzes union membership rates in Brazil from 1988 to 1998 according to the economic sectors and individual characteristics of the adult wage-earning population. It further demonstrates that the economic reforms now under way in Brazil explain the absolute variation in the number of union members, but not the relative variation, which suggests room for agency.

DIMENSÕES DA CRISE DO SINDICALISMO BRASILEIRO

The article inquires on the alleged crisis of the Brazilian trade unionism in the last decade. Analyzes some central dimensions of the union dynamics in the country (number of trade unions, membership in central federations, union density, volume of strikes, collective bargaining and others), and shows that in spite of the sharp drop in union density, union actions have proven effective in collective bargaining. The picture of crisis is linked to the overall political environment in which the political project of the movement’s hegemonic portion (the CUT and allies) and its parties (the PT and its allies) are today under fire from the forces that oppose them.

Trabalhar, Verbo Transitivo: Trajetórias Ocupacionais de Trabalhadores da Indústria Automobilística

The Brazilian transports industry includes car, aircraft, boat, and train assemblers, as well as their suppliers. The process of industrial restructuring now underway in Brazil, in conjunction with rising open unemployment, leads us to question whether workers who leave (or are removed from) this economic sector will be able to find alternative jobs commensurate not only with their acquired skill levels but also with their life and social status expectations. Based on an excerpt from the Relacao Anual de Informacoes Sociais and on advanced methods in longitudinal data analysis, the study endeavors to explain the differences in job market mobility experienced by workers who had some formal link with the transports industry in the state of Sao Paulo between 1989 and 1995. One of the various surprising conclusions is the discovery that in this technologically advanced sector of the economy, the Sao Paulo state labor market is a structural predator of qualifications and skills - by 1995, it had dismissed 70% of workers employed in 1989.

The Brazilian Middle Classes: Who Are They? How Extensive Are They? How Have They Evolved?

The Brazilian Middle Classes: Who Are They? How Extensive Are They? How Have They Evolved? The following article aims to address the extent to which improvements in the quality of life in Brazil from 2002 to 2014 resulted from shifts in the structure of workers’ roles in the social division of labor, and whether or not Brazil became a country of middle classes in the process. To do so, national and international literature on middle classes is examined, as is the debate on the “new middle class”. An innovative sociological alternative for shaping the class structure based on the French socio-professional classification system is suggested, while an empirical study is used to demonstrate the evolution of this structure. The article concludes that the middle classes grew significantly during the period, however Brazil is far from constituting a “country of middle classes”. Abstract: middle classes; Brazil; France; class structures; social stratification middle classes; Brazil; France; class structures; social stratification 1022 DADOS – Revista de Ciências Sociais, Rio de Janeiro, vol. 60, n 4, 2017 Adalberto Cardoso e Edmond Préteceille

Las Clases Medias en Brasil: ¿Qué son? ¿Qué Dimensiones Tienen? ¿Cómo ha Sido su Evolución?

The Brazilian Middle Classes: Who Are They? How Extensive Are They? How Have They Evolved? The following article aims to address the extent to which improvements in the quality of life in Brazil from 2002 to 2014 resulted from shifts in the structure of workers’ roles in the social division of labor, and whether or not Brazil became a country of middle classes in the process. To do so, national and international literature on middle classes is examined, as is the debate on the “new middle class”. An innovative sociological alternative for shaping the class structure based on the French socio-professional classification system is suggested, while an empirical study is used to demonstrate the evolution of this structure. The article concludes that the middle classes grew significantly during the period, however Brazil is far from constituting a “country of middle classes”. Abstract: middle classes; Brazil; France; class structures; social stratification middle classes; Brazil; France; class structures; social stratification 1022 DADOS – Revista de Ciências Sociais, Rio de Janeiro, vol. 60, n 4, 2017 Adalberto Cardoso e Edmond Préteceille

Classes Médias no Brasil: Do que se Trata? Qual seu Tamanho? Como Vem Mudando?

The Brazilian Middle Classes: Who Are They? How Extensive Are They? How Have They Evolved? The following article aims to address the extent to which improvements in the quality of life in Brazil from 2002 to 2014 resulted from shifts in the structure of workers’ roles in the social division of labor, and whether or not Brazil became a country of middle classes in the process. To do so, national and international literature on middle classes is examined, as is the debate on the “new middle class”. An innovative sociological alternative for shaping the class structure based on the French socio-professional classification system is suggested, while an empirical study is used to demonstrate the evolution of this structure. The article concludes that the middle classes grew significantly during the period, however Brazil is far from constituting a “country of middle classes”. Abstract: middle classes; Brazil; France; class structures; social stratification middle classes; Brazil; France; class structures; social stratification 1022 DADOS – Revista de Ciências Sociais, Rio de Janeiro, vol. 60, n 4, 2017 Adalberto Cardoso e Edmond Préteceille

Metamorfosis de la Cuestión Generacional: El Problema de la Incorporación de los Jóvenes en la Dinámica Social

O artigo toma a teoria mannheimiana de geracoes como fio condutor para propor uma interpretacao sobre as metamorfoses da questao geracional no mundo desenvolvido, com o objetivo de por em perspectiva os padroes brasileiros de incorporacao das novas geracoes a vida coletiva. Procura-se contrapor um padrao eminentemente publico (e republicano) de estruturacao das oportunidades de vida das novas geracoes, tipico do mundo europeu, a outro, eminentemente privado (e mercantilizado), caracteristico do Brasil, que estaria, porem, em processo de mudanca nos ultimos anos, ainda que muito lenta.

Metamorfoses da Questão Geracional: O Problema da Incorporação dos Jovens na Dinâmica Social

O artigo toma a teoria mannheimiana de geracoes como fio condutor para propor uma interpretacao sobre as metamorfoses da questao geracional no mundo desenvolvido, com o objetivo de por em perspectiva os padroes brasileiros de incorporacao das novas geracoes a vida coletiva. Procura-se contrapor um padrao eminentemente publico (e republicano) de estruturacao das oportunidades de vida das novas geracoes, tipico do mundo europeu, a outro, eminentemente privado (e mercantilizado), caracteristico do Brasil, que estaria, porem, em processo de mudanca nos ultimos anos, ainda que muito lenta.