Ádám Török

Theoretical Estimation of the Environmental Impact of Biofuel Mixtures

Abstract Vehicles are burning fuels inefficiently. Nowadays, there is a strong correlation between CO2 emission and climate change. The article estimates a theoretical environmental impact of biofuel mixtures on the transport sector. A high ratio of road transportation in CO2 emission caused by humanity made necessary to research the estimation of the environmental impact of biofuel mixtures. We have to clarify the emission of the transport sector in order to get information about the role of the impact that is a further step to a sustainable society. Sustainable development is a kind of development where the pace of technical development, the satiation of increasing supply and the raw materials and resources of the Earth are poised so that the rate of living and the opportunities of the future generations should not decline. One of the major goals of transport policy of the European Union is sustainable mobility. For this reason, transportation systems must be developed and standardized and the effective...

Unbridgeable Gap Between Transport Policy and Practice in Hungary

Abstract Due to the increasing energy demand and mobility of the human population and in order to pursue sustainable development and decrease fossil fuel dependency there is a major need to use alternative energy sources. Nowadays the 20-20-20 policy is under revision. It has become clear that the transport sector on the EU level will not be able to meet the goal of 20% usage of renewable energy sources by 2020. Our paper investigates the possibilities of Hungary for reaching 10% of renewable energy sources in transport sector. Our research indicates that blending bioethanol and biodiesel with conventional fuels is not sufficient not provide an effective and alternative way to fulfill 10% part of transport-related energy demand. Further efforts are needed that can only be done by deep analysis of the current situation and active participationin policymaking as an additional tool of reaching the target: changing our social behaviour. Furthermore, our investigationshows that this general problem can occur n...

Time–space analysis of transport system using different mapping methods

AbstractTransport systems exist within at least two types of space. One is the apparent geographic space, but equally important is the time–space implied by the travel time relations created by the system. Differences between the geographic and time–spaces are properties induced by the transport system. Methods for time–space transformations of geographic space to explore visualize and analyse transport systems were initially developed in the 1960s and 1970s but due to the low computational capacity not evolved yet. However, these methods have not been pursued beyond this initial flurry of research activity, most likely due to the difficulties associated with handling and processing huge amount of digital geographic data. This paper presents a case study of the transformation possibilities and particularly the usage of non-affine transformations of maps – Rubber-Sheet Method (RSM) – using a typical GIS software called ArcView in order to analyse the current status and development possibilities of the Hung...

Theoretical investigation of environmental development pathways in the road transport sector in the European Region

With the omnipresent influence of mankind around the world, controlling resource use and pollution are key factors in the progress toward sustainability in all sectors. These considerations appear in international and European policies, but there remains a need to make these policies suited to local conditions. This article aims to present a method of analysis for the transport sector that could prove useful for identifying the similarities and differences in the current state and historical development of transport systems in EU Member States.

Macroeconomic analysis of road vehicles related environmental pollution in Hungary

The article aims to examine the relationship between road transport and macro economy, especially the use of fossil energy in transport sector. Nowadays environmental pollution is a key issue on the EU level as well as in Hungary. Lots of effort have been already done in order to decrease emissions in road transport, but a lot more need to be done. The article aims to prove that the only possible solution is technological innovation in order to reach emission reduction target without decline of the GDP. The basic idea is to ensure sustainable development, to decrease environmental pollution in road transport without harming the economy. In the EU and in Hungary road vehicles are powered by fossil fuelled internal combustion engines. This paper aims to analyse the role of the fossil fuel-based road transport sector within the economy with the usage of constant elasticity substitution (CES) production functions. Authors have built CES production function for Hungary. Parameters were calculated based on the validated model.

Usage of Production Functions in the Comparative Analysis of Transport Related Fuel Consumption

Abstract This contribution aims to examine the relationship between the transport sector and the macroeconomy, particularly in fossil energy use, capital and labour relations. The authors have investigated the transport related fossil fuel consumption 2003 -2010 in a macroeconomic context in Hungary and Germany. The Cobb-Douglas type of production function could be justified empirically, while originating from the general CES (Constant Elasticity of Substitution) production function. Furthermore, as a policy implication, the results suggest that a solution for the for the reduction of anthropogenic CO2 driven by the combustion of fossil fuels presupposes technological innovation to reach emission reduction targets. Other measures, such as increasing the fossil fuel price by levying taxes, would consequently lead to an undesirable GDP decline.

Mechanical characterization of glass–ceramics substrate with embedded microstructure

One of the biggest challenge in the microfluidic channel fabrication in glass–ceramics or so called low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) is the elimination of channel deformation during lamination. In this paper the expected deformation of the substrate and the sacrificial layer (starch powder and 3D printed UV polymerized material) during the lamination process of microfluidic structure fabrication is described. The choice of sacrificial volume material (SVM) plays an important role in channel deformation. Two types of SVM were investigated considering the width of the channel and the applicability. Uniaxial compression and Jenike shear test was used to obtain the mechanical parameters of starch SVM. To determine the stress–strain characteristics of LTCC uniaxial compression experiment was conducted. The shape of the laminated LTCC containing embedded channel was modeled by finite element method using the mechanical parameters obtained by the measurements. A design rule is given considering the channel width and the choice of SVM based on the simulation results.

Modelling of Internal Combustion Engines’ Emission Through the Use of Traffic Flow Mathematical Models

Abstract Road traffic flows on a straight road segment are modelled in this article. The mathematical model of traffic flows has been constructed by using the method of lumped parameters. CO2, CO, CH, NOx, PM regression equations of internal combustion engines’ (ICE) emission has been developed. The accuracy of regression equations is 0.98÷0.99. The article presents assumptions for constructing the mathematical model, description of the mathematical model and gives simulation results. Traffic flow parameters, such as traffic flow concentration and traffic flow speed are presented as modelling results. ICE emission depending on the concentration and traffic flow speed are presented as well.

Theoretical Investigation of Supply Chain Service Level in Hungary and Poland

The article presents research and analysis in the enterprises of logistics chains. The paper demonstrates the main findings of the investigation. Theoretical investigation has been done in order to measure the relations between enterprises, suppliers and customers. Whatever the nature of the logistics chain is, the problem for the company remains how to deal with suppliers. This paper focuses on the assessment of supply chains and forecasting influence possibilities. The guidelines describe supplier selection. The methodology presented allows the assessment of suppliers.

Design and application of low temperature co-fired ceramic substrates for sensors in road vehicles

Abstract Nowadays low temperature co-fired ceramics (further on: LTCC) are used in sensor technology as sensors and actuators. Sensors and actuators are playing an important role in intelligent road vehicles. These sensors and actuators are built up by LTCC Microsystems. The processing of starch powder and polymer based on sacrificial layer for fabrication of microfluidic structures of LTCC is described in this paper. In order to determine the optimal lamination parameters the quality of the structure was examined for 30 different temperature-pressure-time adjustments. Samples were examined by scanning acoustic microscope to detect the subsurface delamination and internal inhomogenities. The acoustic microscopic image of each sample from different lamination method was evaluated by image processing algorithm in MATLAB environment.