Adauto Lucio Cardoso

A gestão integrada de recursos hídricos e do uso do solo em bacias urbano-metropolitanas: o controle de inundações na bacia dos rios Iguaçu/Sarapuí, na Baixada Fluminense

This research concerns the integration of urban land use planning to water resources management, focusing on flood control. What new planning and management paradigms may emerge from the articulation of recent regulatory frameworks? This paper brings up theseissues, proposing alternatives that lead to an integrated management in urban watersheds.

Segregation and Real Estate Production

This chapter analyzes the socio-territorial pattern of the metropolis of Rio de Janeiro as a result of the dispute between housing production modes, in which the capitalistic mode imposes itself. Such a dispute emerges when autoconstructed popular spaces—as well as the commoditized ones—join the corporate circuit of appreciation. It examined trends in housing production by these agents in the last decade, starting with a more general analysis of the metropolitan totality and then privileging four trends of socio-territorial dynamics, in the district scale: elitization of the upper districts of the capital; formation of new concentrations of middle sectors; proletarianization of the inner city; and increasing social distance between favelas and peripheries.

Experiences with the Urbanisation of Slums: Management and Intervention Models

Brazilian municipalities have accumulated a substantial amount of administrative and technical knowledge about the methods and alternatives for offering technical assistance in precarious settlements. So far, however, that experience is still fragmented. It is thus necessary to identify and consider both the successes and the failures that have been made. A main controversy on the topic involves the question of whether to establish a national policy, managed centrally by the Ministry of Cities (Ministerio das Cidades), to establish technical and environmental quality criteria in the activities to be carried out under an Urban Plan, or to not have such criteria and instead determine the criteria for each individual case at the local level. Considering that the resources used for such projects are public and federal, and that the responsibility for implementing these plans lies with the responsible body, there is a strong argument that some kind of control should be established so that the managing party can be made accountable for the results. This would require comparing the results with some established criteria. Brazilian historical experience does not recommend the adoption of general models or patterns for the interventions, due to the risk of creating insurmountable regulatory barriers and recognising that the residents of the precarious settlements have a right to housing. The regional inequalities and the different situations that characterise the various existing settlements reinforce the difficulty of establishing universal standards, which may result in criteria that are not adequately suited to local conditions and needs. Another argument used to promote the need for standards is related to the planners’ aesthetic and ideological tendencies, which are marked by rationalism and the modernist functionalism that do not recognise the environmental and aesthetic virtues of these settlements. A radical opinion is that interventions in the slums and other precarious settlements should interfere as little as possible with their urban structure, respecting the physical characteristics of the settlement and the right of people to remain in it, and limiting radical changes to those settlements such that the only changes are necessary to solve serious problems or to provide growth or extensions of roads to ensure accessibility. This has been the decision of many municipal programmes that have dealt with the urbanisation of slums. 3

O planejamento do uso do solo urbano e a gestão de bacias hidrográficas: o caso da bacia dos rios Iguaçu/Sarapuí na Baixada Fluminense

A lei 9.433/97 e seus textos regulamentares asseguraram a participacao dos municipios no sistema de gestao de recursos hidricos, na condicao de usuarios. Permanecem, entretanto, indefinicoes quanto ao papel fundamental do municipio como formulador e implementador de politicas urbanas de impacto nos recursos hidricos, quer atraves de determinacoes contidas nos instrumentos proprios de ordenamento territorial, quer pela ausencia formal, ou de fato, desses instrumentos. Neste texto, buscar-se-a demonstrar a necessaria complementaridade dos instrumentos especificos do sistema de gestao dos recursos hidricos com os instrumentos classicos de controle do uso do solo urbano e os recentes instrumentos previstos no Estatuto das Cidades, trazendo elementos empiricos e teoricos para uma melhor fundamentacao dos principios de gestao integrada dos recursos hidricos.