Adebunmi O. Olarinoye

Pre-HSG microbial isolates from endocervical swabs in infertile women in Ilorin, Nigeria

Background: Genital infections contribute significantly to infertility by causing tubal disease in our environment. This can be worsened by any instrumentation of the genital tract such as hysterosalpingography (HSG), which is the most common and affordable investigation by infertile couples for tubal factor. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 53 women who presented for HSG on account of infertility was done in a radio-diagnostic centre In Ilorin, Nigeria. Endo-cervical swabs were taken aseptically prior to standardized HSG in all clients. The swabs were sent for microscopy, culture, and antibiotic sensitivity and the HSG findings of patients were documented. Results: The age ranged between 25 and 52 years with a mean of 34.26 + 5.762 years. Both fallopian tubes were patent in 10 patients and blocked in 14 cases. There were 14 cases of unilateral hydrosalpinx and 10 (18.9) bilateral hydrosalpinges. Either pelvic or cervico-uterine cavity adhesions were observed in 35 (66.0%) of the cases. Mild to heavy growth occurred in 67.9% of the cases. Gram stain was positive in 54.7% of cases. The most common organism was Staphylococcus spp (28.3%). Forty-five percent of yields were sensitive to more than two antimicrobials. There was statistical significant relationship between the presence of pathogens in the endo-cervix and the frequency of tubal disease (x 2 = 2.71, P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: There was a positive or significant statistical relationship between presence of pathogens in the cervix and tubal disease. Pre-HSG endo-cervical swab for microscopy, culture and sensitivity is advisable to prevent genital infections after HSG.

An observation of umbilical coiling index in a low risk population in Nigeria

Abstract Objectives: The umbilical coiling index (UCI) is one of cord parameters for foetal assessment with limited studies in our environment. With recent advances in its evaluation, its significance, pattern, abnormalities and correlates need to be defined in our parturients. Methods: The umbilical cords of 436 neonates were examined. Gross examination was done within 5 min of delivery. The UCI was defined as the number of complete coils per centimetre of cord. Normal UCI was defined as values between the 10th and 90th percentiles of the study population. Results: The mean umbilical cord length was 52.7±11.5 cm, mean number of coils was 10.8±5.1 and mean UCI was 0.21±0.099. The range was between 0.0 and 1.0. UCI values of 0.13 and 0.30 were 10th and 90th percentiles, respectively. Normal UCI was observed in 351 (80.5%) neonates, 44 (10.4%) and 41 (9.1%) had hypo- and hypercoiled cords, respectively. Congenital abnormalities occurred in the normocoiled and hypercoiled groups but was not demonstrated in the hypocoiled group. The mean value of UCI in neonates with congenital abnormalities was 0.29±0.12 (P=0.011). There was no significant statistical relationship between foetal outcome and degree of UCI. Conclusion: The UCI was not associated with adverse perinatal outcome in this study.

Oral health status of pregnant women in Ilorin, Nigeria

Abstract Oral diseases have been shown to negatively affect pregnancy outcomes, yet, routine oral health care is not a component of the antenatal care package in Nigeria. This study was designed to describe the pattern of the oral conditions in pregnancy compared to the non-pregnant controls. Two hundred and twenty-five pregnant women and 166 non-pregnant controls were studied from two healthcare facilities in Ilorin. Oral-related complaints were assessed in the pregnant population while both of the groups had an oral cavity examination. The mean age of the respondents was 28.24 years ±4.77 and 80% had at least a secondary school level of education. The prevalence of oral complaints among the pregnant women was 19.1%. Gingivitis was more common among the pregnant women than the non-pregnant women, and more demonstrable on examination. Oral healthcare should be a component of the antenatal care in our environment. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Women experience oral disorders in pregnancy, which may be worsened by the physiological changes in pregnancy. What do the results of this study add? This study has demonstrated a higher prevalence of gingivitis in the pregnant women than in the non-pregnant women on oral examination. The signs of gingivitis were higher than its related complaints. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Therefore, dental care and an examination should be part of a routine antenatal care package to prevent the unwanted pregnancy outcomes that are related to oral disorders.

Relationship between gross placental characteristics and perinatal outcome of low-risk singleton deliveries.

Background: Gross examination of the placenta may provide useful insight into the aetiology of newborn and maternal complications. A review of literature revealed only a few epidemiological studies that determined the relationships between placental abnormalities, gestational age and occurrence of adverse outcome in babies of healthy pregnant women in our region. Patients and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, between 1 st February and August 2013. Pregnant women in labour at ≥28 weeks′ gestational age with singleton pregnancies were recruited. Gross examination of the placenta and umbilical cord after delivery were performed. Results: Four hundred and twenty-eight singleton deliveries were studied. The average placental weight was 580.8 ± 130.6 g (range = 125-1500 g). The mean values of the umbilical cord length and width were 52.7 ± 10.5 cm and 1.96 ± 1.11 cm, respectively. Placental abnormalities occurred in 1.2%. The umbilical cord was centrally inserted in 290 (67.8%), marginally in 31% of cases. There was significant but weak positive correlation between the placental weight, birth weight and gestational age at 40 weeks (P ≤ 0.001, r = 0.356). Placental weight was directly related to birth weight (P < 0.0001, r = 0.244) and greater in babies with congenital abnormalities (P = 0.002). Conclusions: There was an association between placental parameters and foetal outcome at birth. Placental weight was positively correlated with birth weight, gestational age and occurrence of congenital abnormalities.