Adem Kamalak

Determination of potential nutritive value of young, old and senescent leaves of Arbutus andrachne tree.

Abstract Kamalak, A., Canbolat, O., Atalay, A.I. and Kaplan, M. 2010. Determination of potential nutritive value of young, old and senescent leaves of Arbutus andrachne tree. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 37: 257–260. Potential nutritive value of young, old and senescent leaves of Arbutus andrachne tree was measured using chemical composition and in vitro gas production technique. Maturity had a significantly adverse effect on the chemical composition and in vitro gas production kinetics. Although crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber contents decreased, condensed tannin (CT) and ash contents increased with maturity. The organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolisable energy (ME) ranged from 59.34 to 65.47% and 8.84 to 9.76 MJ/kg DM, respectively. It is concluded that young and old leaves of Arbutus andrachne tree could be considered a moderate quality forage for sheep and goats. However, senescent leaves are only low quality forage.

Effect of peppermint (Mentha piperita) essential oil on rumen microbial fermentation of barley grain

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of peppermint essential oil on in vitro gas, volatile fatty acids (VFA), methane, ammonia production, metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) of barley grain. Gas productions of barley grain were determined at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation times in the presence (100, 200, 400, 800 and 1200 mg/L) and in the absence of peppermint essential oil. The supplementation of peppermint essential oil significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the total gas production (A), ME, OMD, total VFA, methane and ammonia production. The mean decreases in A, OMD, ME, total VFA, methane and ammonia production of barley grain were 0.0338, 0.0341, 0.0054, 0.041, 0.023 and 0.0079 units per mg peppermint essential oil supplementation, respectively. In conclusion, the current study has provided significant information on the anti-microbial activity of peppermint essential oil causing an inhibition of the overall fermentation process of barley grain. Therefore, before large scale implementation, further investigations are required to determine the effect of peppermint essential oil on voluntary food intake, animal performance and the profitability of the supplementation in vivo.

Effect of partially replacing fish meal with honey locust seed (Gleditsia triacanthos) on growth, feed utilisation and body composition of mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio, fingerlings

Honey locust seed (HLS) (Gleditsia triacanthos) was evaluated as a partial replacement for fish meal (FM) in Cyprinus carpio fingerlings diets formulated to contain 38% crude protein, 13% lipid and 19.9 MJ/kg gross energy. An 60-day feeding trial was conducted in a recirculation system aquarium. HLS was included in the diets at different levels (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 g raw and 100, 200, 300 and 400 g heat-treated for diets Control, Rw1, Rw2, Rw3, Rw4 Ht1, Ht2, Ht3 and Ht4, respectively) and FM was replaced by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of HLS (raw and heat-treated). The fish were handfed daily at of 3% of their body weight during the experiment. Diet had a significant effect on the growth performance. Heat treatment increased the inclusion level of HLS. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) among fish fed diets Control, Rw1, Rw2, HT1, HT2 and HT3 in terms of growth performance. Fish fed diets containing higher levels (>30%) of raw HLS seed had significantly lower whole body fat content. Raw and heat-treated HLS has potential as an alternative feed ingredient. These results show that up to 20% Raw HLS can be used to replace 10% of FM in diets for mirror carp. However, HLS should be heat-treated if inclusion rates are to exceed 20% of the diet.

Effect of species on chemical composition, metabolizable energy, organic matter digestibility and methane production of some legume plants grown in Turkey

ABSTRACT The aim of the current experiment was to evaluate the chemical composition, metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD), gas and methane production of some legume plants estimated by in vitro gas production technique, and to determine the relationship among chemical composition, ME, OMD, gas and methane production of some legume plants. Although species has a significant effect on the chemical composition, gas production, ME and OMD species has no effect on methane emission of legume hays. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) ranged from 22.86% to 42.93% and 20.24% to 37.16% respectively. Crude protein (CP) contents of legume hays ranged from 13.61% to 20.55%. Neutral detergent fibre and ADF contents of legume plants are negatively correlated with gas production, ME and OMD. It can be concluded that legume plant studied in the current experiment showed a wide nutritional diversity and will provide not only protein but also fibre for livestocks. They may exhibit complementary role for ruminant animals grazing on poor quality forages. Legume species studied in the current experiment had a no anti-methanogenic properties.

Determination of Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Some Vegetables Leaves for Ruminant Animals

Bu calisma bazi sebze yapraklarinin kimyasal kompozisyonunu ve ruminantlar icin besleme degerini belirlemek icin yurutulmustur. Sebzenin turu yapraklarin kimyasal kompozisyonunu onemli (P 0.05) etkilememistir. Sebzelerin gaz uretimi 37.93 ile 45.25 ml arasinda degismistir. Siyah havuc ve kereviz yapragindan uretilen gaz miktari diger sebzelerden onemli derecede (P<0.001) daha yuksek bulunmustur. Sebzelerin metabolik enerji icerigi 8.90 ile 10.16 MJ/kg arasinda degismistir. Sebzelerin metan uretimi 6.67 ml ile 11.13 ml arasinda degismistir. Şeker pancari yapraginin metan uretimi diger sebzelerin metan uretiminden daha yuksek bulunmustur. Metan gazi uretiminin yuzdesel olarak 17.60 ile 25.46 arasinda degismistir. Siyah havuc, beyaz havuc, kirmizi turp, beyaz turp, kereviz ve seker pancari yapragi ruminant hayvanlara enerji ve protein saglamada onemli bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bununla birlikte seker pancarinin ruminant hayvanlarin rasyonlarina katilmasi durumunda seker pancarinin yuksek miktarda metan uretim potansiyeli goz onune alinmalidir .

Serum biochemistry of free-ranging black francolins (Francolinus francolinus) including sex-related differences

Black francolin (Francolinus francolinus) is a game bird belonging to Phasianidae family. This species is native to Southern Asia, Middle-East and Caspian region including Turkey. Black francolins are popular game animals and they play an important role in biological control of pests. Nevertheless, studies conducted on this species are extremely rare. The objective of this study is to introduce a profile of serum biochemistry for wild black francolins and to determine variations between sexes. We have analysed 13 serum parameters for each gender separately. We sampled 20 clinically healthy, adult black francolins. Analysed biochemical parameters are as follows: aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, globulin, sodium and potassium. Females had significantly higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase and ALT while males had higher cholesterol levels.

Effect of oregano oil on in vitro gas production, digestibility and metabolisable energy of some feedstuffs

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of essential oil of oregano (Origanum vulgare) on in vitro gas production, metabolisable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD), volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, true dry matter digestibility (TDMD) and neutral detergent fibre digestibility (NDFD) of alfalfa hay, maize silage and barley grain. The gas production from slowly fermentable fraction (b), VFA, ME, OMD, TDMD and NDFD decreased with increasing level of oregano oil. It is concluded that oregano oil inclusion inhibited overall fermentation process.